appx = Appendix [Silmarillion
- Elvish roots]
D =
Dwarvish
Dor = Doriathrin
Etym = The Etymologies
Ilk = Ilkorin
[see Dark Elves]
M = Men, Mannish
N = Númenórean,
Adûnaic
Nol = Noldorin
ON = Old Noldorin
plur = plural
Q = Quenyan
[High Elven]
S = Sindarin
LOTR = Lord of the Rings Dictionary
Roots in BOLD TYPE CAPITALS refer to listing in
The
Etymologies section, The Lost Road,
J.R.R. Tolkien,
Del Rey Books, ©1987 -- bracketed [Etym]
Roots in bold small type refer to listing in The
Silmarillion, Appendix, J.R.R. Tolkien and Christopher
Tolkien, Houghton Mifflin
Company, ©1977 -- bracketed [appx]
Words of the languages of the Rohirrim, Hobbits and Common
Speech are traced to possible roots in the
ancient Elven tongue,
although there is no authority for confirming such a derivation; the terms
are
derived from ancient English,
especially Anglo Saxon
=====
Adanedhel S; see adan
[appx], also Atani [below], Men that aligned with the Noldor
upon migrating
to Beleriand in the First
Age; see also EL- 'star' and by extension 'Elf' [Etym] along with
ELED-
'depart', Q Elda, Nol
eledh
'departed' Elf ... In Dor and Danian transposed to edhel 'the Forsaken',
since they never departed
for Valinor [Etym; the Dor term edhel is in question due to changes
that
Tolkien made; ELED-
may have become ÉLED- 'star-folk'; a stem seemingly rejected
is EDEL-
'precede', Nol eðel
'eldest', a term that would define the Elves after the arrival of Men];
name of Túrin;
'Man [of the] Elves' or
'Elf-Man' [whatever the derivation of edhel]
Adûnakhor N; a king
of Númenor
Adurant S; see AT(AT)-
again, Ilk [S] adu, ado double [Etym]; see also RAT-
walk, Ilk rant course of
river [Etym]; 'Double
Stream'; a divided river in Ossiriand
Aeglos S; see AYAK-
sharp, pointed, N oeg sharp [Etym], S aeg-; see also GOLÓS-
'snow' [Etym], S
los [appx], used
also for 'white'; name of a spear; 'Snow-point'
Aegnor S-ised Q and ON
[Aikanáro];
aeg- see previous, in its sense of 'piercing';
in one note Tolkien
identifies a Q element
aika
'fell, dire' [< GAYA 'awe, dread'; see GÁYAS- 'fear' (Etym)],
which he says
has no S counterpart,
but it would be aeg if it did exist; still, 'piercing' seems sufficient
to draw forth
the idea of 'terrible';
see also NAR¹- flame [Etym], Q nár, S naur,
-nor as a name suffix [appx]; 'Fell
Fire'; son of Finarfin
Aelin-uial S; see AY-
?'pool', Nol oel, plur oelin pools [see also LIN¹-
'pool'] [Etym], S ael-; [the stem
AY- is expanded
to ÁYAR- 'sea' in Etym; the intent of combining two elements
both meaning 'pool' is
not stated, but would
seem to be cumulative]; see also YU- two, Nol ui- twi-, as
uial
twilight [YU- +
KAL- shine = uial]
[Etym] ; 'Meres of Twilight'
Aerandir S; see AY-
... AYAR- sea, Nol oear, oer [Etym], S aer;
see also RAN- wander, Nol rhandir
wanderer [Etym], S randir,
which ends with
DER- adult (male), Nol dîr [Etym],
used here as an
agental suffix; 'Sea-wanderer';
a mariner
Aerin M? dialectal S?
see GAY- Q aira red, copper-coloured, Nol gaer [Etym;
in later S aer meant
'holy' (borrowed from
Q), but such an analysis in this context seems unlikely]; see also RIG-
crown,
Nol rhîn
crowned [Etym]; in early writings Tolkien called her Airin Faiglindra
'Long-tressed Airin'
[faigli long tresses
+ a derivative of LI-,
lind twine? (older lexicons)]; air-
> aer- would seem to be a
dialectal S variation
of the Q aira (above); note Anglo-Saxon
æren 'brazen';
'Copper-top' or
figuratively 'Auburn-hair';
an Adan woman
Aftercomers Men
Agarwaen S [?Dor]; a problematical
term, described in the text as a riddle name 'Blood-stained'; the
earlier Nol form was Iarwaeth
> Iarwath [YAR- blood, Nol iâr (Etym) + WA3-
stain, Nol gwath
(blended with WATH-
shade) - Etym]; in Dor the adjectival suffix -en would presumably
yield waen
'stained'; agar-
'blood' is enigmatic; in Etym the stem YAR-, Q yár,
Nol iâr is used for 'blood'; in the
term Doriath [q.v.]
we find a potential for the stem GAT(H)- to yield the word iâth
'fence', so there
may be some unattested
mutation of i > g and g > i, although it would
seem to give rise to confusion;
the stem KARÁN-
red, Nol caran [Etym] has been suggested also as a source; 'Blood-stained';
name
assumed by Túrin
at Nargothrond
Aglarond S; see aglar
brilliance [appx]; see also rond arched roof [appx], from ROD-
cave, Nol rhond
[Etym], S rond
[the term implies a large arched vault]; 'Glittering Cavern', at
Helm's Deep
Aglon S; see AK-
narrow, Nol agr, ag- [Etym]; see also LOD- narrow
path, pass, Nol lhonn, -lon(d)
[Etym], S lond,
lonn [appx]; 'The Narrow Pass'
Ainulindalë Q; see
AYAN-
Q Ainu, holy one [Etym; see next]; see also LIN²- sing,
Q lindele music
[Etym; in Q the -ë
suffix denotes a genitive case - 'music of']; 'The Music of the Ainur';
a song of the
creation
Ainur Q; (singular Ainu);
see aina holy [appx] and previous entry; the term is a Q adaptation
of the
Valarin ayanuz
'holy order'; the Valar and Maiar together; 'The Holy Ones'
Akallabêth N; 'The
Downfallen', same as Quenya Atalantë
Alcarinquë Q; see
AKLA-R-
Q alka ray of light, alkar or alkare radiance, brilliance,
alkarinqa
glorious [Etym; S aglar
(appx); the stem is based on KAL- shine, extended form KALÁR
(Etym), with
transposition of the consonants
k
and l]; Q adjectival suffix (dative case) -inqua, said to
be related to
two roots not in Etym
- KWA and KWE (see KWAT- 'full' "{Etym}); perhaps RIN- circle
[Etym] is
implied; 'The Glorious';
name of the planet Jupiter; circle would denote the planet's 'rings'
Alcarondas N; 'Castle
of the Sea'; see Supplemental section (in progress)
Aldaron Q; see GALAD-
tree, Q alda [Etym]; the Elves loved to make plays on words, so
it is notable
that the name implies
the stem DÓRON- oak [Etym]; also 3AR- Q haran
...
aran king [Etym] could
be implied; -ron
is an agental suffix - 'one who is' or 'one who does' - perhaps related
to an older Q
form hrondo [a
physical body]; it is actually taken as a genitive plur suffix used as
an intensifier;
'Lord of Trees', a name
of the Vala Oromë; also see
Tauron
Aldudénië ?Vanyarin;
alda- see previous; the second element is from YU- two
- alda + yu = aldu-
'two trees'; see also
NEI-, Q nie 'tear'; the medial d is unaccountable
in Q, and may be a Vanyarin
variant, perhaps as a
transition [reduplicated d] to the en- affix, used to denote
repeated action: i.e.:
'repeated tears' = 'lament';
'Lament for the Two Trees'; a tale of the destruction of the Two Trees
of
Valinor
Almaren Q; see GALA-
thrive, Q alma good fortune, almare blessedness [Etym]; see
also MBAR-
home, Q mar [Etym];
'Blessed Home'; first abode of the Valar, an island in a great lake
Alqualondë Q; see
ÁLAK-
rushing, Q alqa swan (strong-winged), also LAK²- 'swift'
[Etym; Q alqua
'swan', S alph
(appx)]; the term 'swan' may imply AKLA-R-, Q alka ray of
light, brilliance [Etym; see
Alcarinquë],
due to their brilliant white color; also see LOD- strait, Q londe
road (in sea), entrance
to harbour [Etym; from
an early base element LON 'haven']; -ë forms a genitive case
in Q; 'Haven of
the Swans' [swan-boats
of the Teleri], a city in Aman [next]
Aman Q; see GALA-
thrive, Q alma blessing [Etym]; see man- good, blessed [appx],
from MAN- holy
(spirit) [Etym; said in
one place to be taken from a Valarin word (not given) meaning 'at peace'];
in Q
the a- prefix can
be augmentative [mbar = dwelling (appx), a-mbar = earth];
the stem man- becomes
blended with MBAD-
prison, doom [Etym], but has a positive influence resulting more in 'sanctuary'
[prison] and 'authors'
of the destiny of the world [doom]; 'free from evil' or the
'Blessed (Realm)'; the
land in which the Valar
dwelt, removed from the precincts of mortal affairs
Amandil Q; aman-
see previous; also -(n)dil [appx], from NIL-, NDIL-
friend [Etym]; -(n)dil is used to
denote a love for or devotion
to something, while -(n)dur denotes a 'professional' commitment;
'Lover of Aman'; a lord
of Andúnië in Númenor, father of Elendil
Amarië [Amárië]
Vanyarin-Q; the alternate spelling could indicate mára 'good',
from a stem MAG-
[Etym]; also see MBAR-
home, Q a-mbar, mar- [Etym; for the a- prefix see
Aman];
the -ië suffix is
often associated with
verbs in Q, meaning '(it) is', English -ness; the name could then
mean either
'Purity', or, perhaps
using 'home' as a verb, a meaning similar to 'home-er' or 'stay at home':
'Home-
body', since this Vanyarin
maiden eschewed her Nol betrothed and remained in Valinor at the time
of the 'Exile'
Amlach M? see AM²-
up, Q & Nol prefix am- up; see LAK²- swift [Etym],
lhach
'leaping flame' [appx];
the name is more likely
M, derived from the Welsh [am- (prefix) on both sides + llach
lash, criticize -
'argue both sides']; a
man of Beleriand who argued against alliance with the Noldorin Elves but
had a
change of heart and became
a vassal of Maedhros
Amon Amarth S; see amon
hill [appx], from AM²- up [Etym; -on is possibly an
augmentative suffix in
S - see Calenardhon];
see also MBARAT- ?'fate', Nol ammarth doom [Etym], S amarth
[appx];
'Mount Doom'; a name of
Orodruin
Amon Ereb S; amon
see previous; see also ERE- be alone, Nol ereb isolated [Etym;
-eb is an
adjectival suffix in S,
derived from a base meaning 'full']; 'The Lonely Hill'
Amon Ethir Dor? amon
see previous; see also ET- forth, Nol et-; also see
THE-
face, also 'glance', Nol
thîr [Etym];
some attribute this last element to TIR- watch [Etym], which seems
logical, although it
does not appear to yield
-thir; in later S ethir would be 'river mouth' [see
LOTR
entry Anduin]; 'The
Hill of Spies' or in another
text 'Spy-hill'
Amon Gwareth S; see amon
hill [appx], also see Amon Amarth above; the name is translated
'Hill of
Watch(ing)' in one place,
also 'Hill of Guard'; it was once rendered by Tolkien as
Amon Thoros
- Hill
of Eagles;
gwareth
is a holdover from the old lexicons as a 'Gnomish' [Nol] stem gwar-
watch,
gwareth watching
[apparently abandoned but retained in this name]; strongly implicated is
KHARÁS-
precipice, a sheer mountain-wall [Etym], since not only did the hill have
sheer walls, but
the Elves polished them
to make it impossible for an enemy to climb; however, the derivatives of
KHARÁS-
are mostly mirrored in RAS- stick up [Etym]; the hill of Gondolin
Amon Obel Dor; amon
see previous; see PEL(ES)- fenced (field), Nol pel, under
which the Q opele,
Nol gobel walled
village [Etym], Dor obel, is probably derived by adding WO-
together, Q prefix o-,
Nol gwa-, go-
[Etym] - walled together [like English compound 'camp']; Dor would
seem to follow the
Q, but p > b
[the prefix o- was probably dropped in later S due to phonetic conflict];
'Forest Fast'; a
fortified hill for Men
in the Forest of Brethil
Amon Rûdh Dor; amon
see previous; Rûdh is problematical; since the hill is described
as 'flat', Rûdh
might derive from
RUN-
flat of hand [Etym], although the phonetic mutations make it unlikely;
it
could also derive from
ROY²- ruddy, red [Etym], as the crest was covered with the
red blossom of
seregon
[q.v.], although the form ruð is not offered; 'bald' may be
figuratively indicated by a 'fleshy-
red' appearance; a stem
not in Etym is RUN red (glowing), S ruin 'fiery red' [appx], but
it is not
possible to attest that
it would have produced the form rûdh in Dor; an early name
by Tolkien was
Amon Carab 'Hill
of the Hat'; Carab may be related to KAS- head, Q kár
top [Etym]; 'The Bald Hill'
south of Brethil
Amon Sûl S; amon
see previous; see sûl wind [appx], from THU- blow,
Nol thûl breath [Etym]; 'Hill
of the Wind', or 'Weathertop'
in the Common Speech of The Lord of the Rings
Amon Uilos S; see amon
hill [appx], also Amon Amarth [previous]; also see OY-
ever, Nol ui- eternal
[Etym]; see also los
snow (-white) [appx; see Aeglos]; S name of Q Oiolossë
['Everwhite'], also
Taniquetil
Amras S-ised Q and ON
[Ambarussa; AM²- up, Q prefix
amba- top (Etym)
+ RUN red, glowing,
Common Eldarin russa
russet, copper-coloured (not in Etym) - 'Auburn Top'; in Etym the closest
stem would be RUSKA-
Old Nol
ruska brown [Etym], from a common root (U)RUS, of which
the S
was ross; in S
the name is therefore a bit uninterpretable;
am- would still denote
'up' or 'top', but -ras
in S would derive from
RAS- stick up [Etym], S -ras 'horn', 'peak', thus yielding
'top-peak'; twin of
Amrod; it was suspected
at their birth in Eldamar that their russet-haired mother Nerdanel implied
MBARAT- Q ambar
'fate', 'doom' [Etym] for both the twins Amras and Amrod, but the father
Fëanor
would not have it; see
Amrod [next]
Amrod S-ised Q and ON
[Ambaráto; AM²- up, Q prefix
amba- top
(Etym) + ar(a)- noble, royal,
(perhaps blended with
RAUTA- metal - Etym?) to form aráto 'champion' (appx)
- 'Top Champion'];
in S the name is a bit
changed in interpretation; amba- would still denote 'up' or 'top',
and RAUTA-
yields the S suffix in
names -rod, and means 'metal', especially copper - 'Russet
Top'; twin of Amras;
see further discussion
under Amras [previous]
Anach S; see NA¹-
towards, Nol na with, by, prefix an- [Etym; often used to
indicate a genitive case];
more likely is
AK-
narrow, Nol ag- [Etym; the g could become a syncope before
n]; the second
element is probably from
NAK- bite, blended with ÁNAK- bite, jaws [Etym; ának
should become
nac(h) in
S/Dor]; 'Narrow Jaws', or 'Grinding Straits', between 'the peaks of the
Crissaegrim' and 'the
dark walls of the Gorgoroth';
the pass was cleared by Orcs for strategic advantage, and the
murderous armies of Morgoth
pouring south through
Anach could be described as like a gnashing
of teeth
Anadûnê N;
'Westernesse' - name of Númenor in the Adûnaic
(Númenórean) tongue
Anar Q; see ANÁR-
Q Anar sun [Etym], related to NAR¹- flame, fire, Q nár
[Etym]; the prefixed 'A' is
probably a distinguishing
device in Q called a sundóma [see discussion under Astaldo
below], used
here seemingly as an intensifying
prefix; A + nar = Anar '(The-one) Fire' = 'Sun'
Anárion Q; anár
see previous; -ion masculine name suffix [YO, YON-
son, Q & Nol suffix in names
-ion (Etym)]; 'Heir
of the Flame', 'Scion of the Light'; son of Elendil
Anarríma Q; anar
see previous; see also RI- Q ríma edge [Etym]; 'Fiery
Verge'; a constellation,
perhaps a circle of bright
stars
Ancalagon S; see ÁNAK-
jaw [and NAK- bite], Nol anc bite [Etym]; see also ÁLAK-
rushing, wild
wind, Nol alag
impetuous [Etym], related to LAK²- swift [Etym]; -on
is possibly an augmentative
suffix in S - see Calenardhon;
'great rage of jaws' or 'Biting Storm'; a winged dragon
Andor Q (shortening of
Andórë); see ANA¹- to, Q anna gift
[Etym], *an-; also see NDOR- dwell, Q
nóre land
[Etym]; two factors identify the term as Q: the name was given by the Valar,
and the -nd-
combination only survives
in Q in Middle-earth; in Q nóre 'land' became blended with
NO- beget, Q
nóre 'race'
[Etym]; thus -ndor was allowed to delineate 'land' from 'people',
and presumably the
genitive ending -ë
could be dropped in such cases; for example, Valinor = the land
and people of the
Valar, Valandor
= the land of Valinor; Q Endor = Middle-earth = S Ennor;
'The Land of Gift'
[Númenor(ë)]
Andram S; see ÁNAD-,
ANDA-
long, Nol and [Etym]; see also RAMBA- wall, Nol rham
[Etym], S ram
[appx]; called 'The Andram';
'The Long Wall'; escarpment dividing Beleriand
Androth Dor; and-
see previous; also ROD- cave, Nol rhauð, Dor roth
[Etym]; the plur may be only
implied, from hoth
horde [appx], since the plur of roth is given as rodhin in
Dor [the Mithrim used a
dialect of Dor sometimes
referred to by Tolkien as 'North Sindarin']; 'Long Caves'
Anduin S; and-
see previous; see also duin (long) river [appx]; 'The Long River',
also the 'Great River'
Andúnië Q;
see
andúnë [variant: Andúnië] sunset,
west [appx; ANA¹- to (Etym), with NA¹- Q an-
towards (Etym) + NDU-
go down (of Sun), andune sunset (Etym), blended with NDEW-
follow, Q
neuna follow (*ndeuna;
Etym; 'evening') + ië (Q gerund form) = 'towards setting (Sun)'
or 'West'];
city in the west
of Númenor
Anfauglir S; see NA¹-
to, Nol an- with, by [Etym; this element can also serve as a genitive
'sign']; see
also PHAU- gape,
Nol
faug thirsty, parched [Etym]; apparently the final element is
from
LIR²- range,
Nol lhîr
row [Etym], S lîr, apparently used here as an augmentative
plural [also see Bauglir], and
perhaps implying a row
of teeth - or 'jaw'; 'Jaws of Thirst'; a great wolf
Anfauglith S; here it
would seem the an prefix is an(d) 'long' [appx], used as
an intensifying element
('long thirst' {see Anfauglir
above}); see also lith ash [appx], from LIT- sand [Etym];
'the
Gasping
Dust; later name of the
plain of Ard-galen; see Dor-nu-Fauglith
Angainor Q or S? see ANGA-
iron, Q angaina of iron [Etym]; the term could be Q because the
Valar
may have formed the name,
and because it ends in -r, a plur in Q; the early lexicons attempt
to forge
another anga element
meaning 'torment', which might be retained here for aesthetic reasons,
but the
entry anga 'iron'
in appx argues that that alternative was abandoned [Tolkien's commentary
on this
older rendering states
popularly connected with ang 'iron' but really 'tormentor'];
if the term is S,
then -gain might
derive from a stem not in Etym: KEG 'snag', S cai, gai(?n)*
(used as 'fetter'), and
-nor would have
to be 'fire' < NAR¹- 'flame' [perhaps implying 'forged']
= ang + gain + nor = ?'Forged
Iron Fetter'; ORO-
high [Etym] may be implied in the ending, denoting the exalted status of
its
prisoner; it is noteworthy
that the term implies the stem AYAN- holy [Etym] (-aino-),
the source of
the word Ainur,
of which Melkor [Morgoth] is one; a great chain that bound Melkor following
his
first destructive rebellion
* Unfinished Tales, Part Three, Chapter One, note #16
Angband S [Q: Angamando];
see anga iron, S ang [appx]; see also MBAD- prison,
hell, Q mando, Nol
band [Etym]; 'Iron
Prison, Hell of Iron'; Morgoth's deep-delved fortress in the North
Anghabar S; ang-
see previous; -habar is also used in Nornhabar 'Dwarrowdelf'
or 'Dwarf-dig'; the
term cannot be attested,
but perhaps it relates to KAB- hollow, Nol camb, cham-;
or perhaps from
SKAR- wound, rend,
Nol har- [Etym]; -bar could be taken to be from MBAR-
dwelling (and
sometimes 'earth') [Etym];
'Iron-delvings'; a mine in the mountains near Gondolin
Anglachel S; ang-
see previous; lach from LAK²- swift [Etym - see lhach
leaping flame (appx)]; see
also êl,
elen
star [appx]; sword made from 'Meteoric Iron'; also Gurthang
Angrenost S; see anga
iron, S ang [appx], Nol angren of iron [Etym]; see also OS-
round, Nol
ost
fortress [Etym]; 'fortress
of iron', 'Iron Fortress'; see Isengard
Angrim M? ang-
see previous; see rim host [appx] - 'Steely'; Welsh may be more
productive:
an-
[intensifying prefix]
+ grym strength - 'Stalwart'; an Adan
Angrist S; see anga
iron, S ang [appx]; also see ris cleave [appx], from KIRIS-
cut, Nol crist cleaver,
sword [Etym], S grist;
'Iron-cleaver'; knife that cut a Silmaril from the iron crown of Morgoth
Angrod S-ised Telerin
[Angaráto - given in Valinor; see ANGA- iron (Telerin
anga)
(Etym) + ar(a)-
royal (appx), extended
to arat-, perhaps blended with RAUTA- metal (Etym) to form
aráto 'champion'
- 'Royal Iron Champion'];
by adapting the name to S it could become a bit nonsensical, except the
Sindar adapted the suffix
-rod to also indicate armorial bearing: ang iron [appx] +
RAUTA- metal, Nol
-rod in names [Etym]
- 'Knight of Iron'; also known in Telerin as Angamaitë 'Iron-handed'
{MA3-
'hand' (Etym)}, since
from an early age he had hands of great strength, thus an 'iron' grip;
son of
Finarfin
Anguirel S; see anga
iron, S ang [appx]; the second element appears to derive from UR-
be hot, Nol
ûr fire [Etym],
S uir [presumed as participial modifier - 'burning']; the stem is
said to have been
changed to mean 'large',
but here implies 'fire'; also see êl, elen star [appx];
'burning-star iron',
'Meteoric Iron'; sword
wrought of the same metal as Anglachel
Annael S (?dialectal);
the form is unusual, likely due to being in the Northern Sindarin dialect
of
Mithrim; the probable
analysis is an(d) 'long' [appx] from ÁNAD- [Etym]
+ NAY- lament, Nol nae
[Etym] + EL- star
[Etym], and by extension 'Elf' = 'Woeful Elf'; less likely would be a form
of ANA¹-
to, Nol anno to
give [Etym] + -el: 'Giving Elf'; this Elf, sole survivor of the
Nirnaeth from Mithrim,
adopted and nurtured the
young Adan, Tuor
Annatar Q; anna
gift [appx]; see also TA-,
TA3- noble, Q tár
king, -tar lord [non-gendered; of
abstract things; Etym];
'Lord of Gifts'; a deceptive name of Sauron in the Second Age
Annon-in-Gelydh S; see
annon
great door or gate [appx], from AD- entrance, Q ando gate,
Q andon,
Nol annon (great)
gate [Etym; the letters -on, sometimes used as a genitive plur element,
seems to
be used here as an augmentative
suffix in both Q and S - see commentary at Calenardhon];
in-
forms a possessive article;
also see NGOL- wise ... NGOLOD- one of the wise folk, Q Noldor,
Nol
golodh, plur
geleidh
[Etym], Dor plur form
gelydh; '(Great) Gate of the Noldor'
Annúminas S; see
ANA¹-
to, with NA¹- Nol an- towards [Etym] + NDU- go
down (of Sun), Nol dûn,
annûn 'West'
[Etym]; also see
minas tower [appx; MINI- stand alone, Nol
min (Etym) + NAS- point,
spike (Etym)]; 'Tower
of the West'
Anor See Minas Anor
Apanónar Common
Eldarin, a word of lore not used in daily speech; the preposition apa-
'after' is
confused; in Q epe
means 'after' [epessë 'after-name' (Unfinished Tales,
Index)],
but in other notes
Tolkien wrote as if he
might change the element´s meaning to 'before' [Morgoth's Ring,
Index,
Appendix: apacenyë
'names of foresight' (/KEN 'see' {not in Etym})]; the term Apanónar
'the After-
born' favors the meaning
after;
the S form is Abonnen, plur Eboennin; [prepositions, such
as apa-,
epe- 'after', need
not necessarily have a source in base stems, but often do point to one;
the closest
base here is /PAK 'close,
shut', Q paht- (not in Etym), which implies an 'end', and therefore
what
remains 'follows after'
- perhaps *APA3- (with re-duplicated base vowel, or sundóma)];
also see NO-
and ONO- beget
[Etym], Common Eldarin past participial verb form *nóna 'begotten'
[presumed]; as
in Q, the -r ending
forms a plural; 'the after-begotten', 'The Afterborn' - Men, who 'awoke'
after
the
Elves
Aradan S; see ar(a)-
noble, royal [appx]; see also adan Man, mortal [appx]; S name for
Malach
Aragorn S; ara-
see previous; also see GOR- haste, Nol gorn impetuous, wrath
[Etym] - 'Royal
Valour'; as a Ranger he
might have hid the true meaning, since ostensibly the name could be
pronounced as though it
was from ERÉK- thorn, Nol ereg holly tree [Etym],
and ORO- high ...
ÓR-NI- high
tree [Etym], orn 'tree' [appx] - i.e.: 'tall thorny tree' - appropriate
for a rustic 'hunter';
alternately it can read
ar(a)- royal [appx] and KOR- round, Nol corn circle
[Etym], as with him the
throne of the Dúnedain
would come full 'circle'; also known as Strider, Heir of Isildur,
King Elessar
Araman Q; see AR²-
Q ara outside [Etym]; see Aman [above]; a wasteland
of Aman
Aranel S; see ar(a)-
royal, S aran king [appx]; see also
EL- star, and by extension
Eled-
Starfolk - 'Elf';
'Elf King', 'Noble Elf';
Thingol´s Heir
Aranrúth S; aran-
see previous; see rûth anger [appx]; the source of
rûth
could be RUS- flash, glitter
of metal [Etym; the stem
does not occur in Nol (S)]; perhaps the term relates to RUN red, Common
Eldarin russa 'fiery
red' [not in Etym]; related stems would be ROS¹- rain, foam
[Etym], which is
extended to mean 'spirited',
and RO- rise (up) [Etym]; 'King's Ire'; Thingol's sword
Aranwë Nol; see ar(a)-
noble, aran king [appx; apparently the form occurs in both Q and
S {Return of
the King, Appendix
A, I, (ii)}]; also see WEG- vigour, Q vie manhood, taking
Q and Nol form -we
[Etym; the suffix is used
agentally to form an abstract noun element, especially in names]; ?'King`s
champion'; or ?'Noble
(One)'
Aratan Q; see ar(a)-
noble, royal [appx]; see adan Men, 'Elf-friends' [appx], Q atan
[see Atani below];
'Noble Man'; son of Isildur
Aratar Q; see ar(a)-
high, noble, royal [appx]; see also tar- high [appx]; 'most high';
the -r denotes a
plural in Q; 'The Exalted';
the eight most powerful of the Valar
Arathorn S; ara-
see previous; in the book The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien, in a letter
to Richard Jeffery
in 1972, Tolkien relates
the final element to thoron eagle [Sil], describing it as an abbreviated
form of
thorono; 'Noble
Eagle'; father of Aragorn
Arda Q; see 3AR-
have, hold, Nol ardh realm, Q arda realm, region [Etym; the
entry relates Arda to a
Nol stem GAR-,
but that entry was mostly deleted, leaving only gar- as a derivative;
there is also a
reference to a Nol stem
GARAD, but it does not appear in published sources; GARAT does appear
in more recently published
notes, which produces Nol garth fortress, gartho- to defend,
keep; appx
states that 3AR-
has an extended stem ARAT-]; a name for Earth, realm of the King
of the Valar,
Manwë
Ard-galen S; ard-
see previous; KAL- shine, Nol calen bright-coloured = green
[Etym], S galen; 'the
Green Region'; -en
is an adjectival suffix in S; also called
Anfauglith and
Dor-nu-Fauglith
after its
desolation; means the
same as Calenardhon (Rohan)
Aredhel S; see ar(a)-
noble, royal [appx]; see also edhel elf [appx; the term is a play
on words by the
Sindar of Beleriand; ELED-
depart, leave, Q Elda departed Elf (plur Eldar - Etym); by
prefixing ET-
out (Etym) and reversing
ELED they derive Eðel, Edhel = 'Left Out', an
Elf that did not travel to
Valinor]; 'Noble Elf',
a Lady of Gondolin; also known in 'Nol' as Ar-Feiniel, 'the White
Lady of the
Noldor' [Feiniel
from SPAN- white, Nol fein (Etym), and SEL-D- daughter,
Nol feminine suffix -iel
(Etym)]
Ar-Feiniel See Aredhel
[previous]
Ar-Gimilzôr N; a
King of Númenor
Argonath S; ar-
royal [see previous]; see also gond stone [appx]; -ath is
normally a S collective
plural, but here indicates
'both' [see AT(AT)- again - Etym]; 'King-stones'; two huge carved
pillars on
the Anduin
[In The Road Goes Ever On Tolkien points out that the -ath
ending is not a normal Sindarin plural
form, but that when it is used it is an all-inclusive grouping; in this
instance the -ath form refers to
the root (above) and simply means 'both' - as it does in the Sil entry
Sarn
Athrad; for example, the
S for 'hobbit' is perian; the S plural form periain would
mean an indeterminate group of Hobbits,
as opposed to Periannath - (all) hobbit-folk; the exception Argonath
would
otherwise be
interpreted to indicate 'all' of the stones]
Arien Q; see AR¹-
day (-light), Q are [Etym]; see YO, YON- son, Q feminine
yen
daughter [-ion =
masculine name suffix,
-ien = feminine name suffix; Etym]; the name contians RIG-
Q rie crown
[Etym], denoting her high
and noble status; originally the Sun was called Âs, and this
spirit was
named Azië;
over time the z was apparently mutated into r, and she was
called Ar(i) ['Days'], and
finally Arien;
a Maia of the Sun
Armenelos Q; see ar(a)-
noble, royal [appx]; see also menel the heavens [appx; MEN-
place (Etym) +
EL- star (Etym)
= 'star place' = 'heaven']; also see
OS- round, about, Q osto
city, fortress [Etym], os(t)
'fortress' [appx]; 'Heavenly
City of Kings'; royal city in Númenor
Arminas S; ar-
see previous; see also MINI- stand alone, Nol min one, distinct
minas
tower [Etym];
the use of 'tower' here
is coincidental, since the -as suffix can be used in S to form a
verbal noun, in
this case probably 'standing';
in one version of the story of his visit to Nargothrond, Arminas
is said
to imply 'kinship of kings';
the term seems to mean literally 'royal stand-out', but likely was intended
to indicate 'King´s
Man' or 'Royal Champion'; Elf of the people of Angrod; also see
Gelmir²
Arnor S; see ar(a)-
noble, royal, S aran king [appx]; also see dôr land,
S -nor [appx]; 'Land of the
King' or 'Royal Land'
Aros Dor; see YAR-
blood, Nol iâr, Ilk ôr blood, arn red
... Aros name of river with reddish water
[Etym]; from this it must
be deduced the Dor form from YAR- is ar-; also see ros
foam [appx]; in this
instance, however, the
last element may well be blended with RUS- flash, Nol rhoss,
in names -ros
[Etym], Dor ross;
'Sparkling Blood-red'; the river was described as swift but shallow, but
in Tolkien's
early writings a great
battle took place at the fords [next], and much blood was spilled in the
river; a
river of Doriath
Arossiach Dor; aros-
see previous; -i could indicate a possessive; see also AK-
narrow [Etym] - i.e.
'narrows of Aros', although
perhaps more at YAK- neck [Etym], Dor -iach [presumed]; 'The
Fords of
Aros'; for a different
form of 'ford' see Sarn Athrad
Ar-Pharazôn N; 'The
Golden', a king of Númenor; Q Tar-Calion
Ar-Sakalthôr N;
a king of Númenor
Arthad M? the name would
seem to derive from Welsh: arth bear, arthaidd bear-like
[had = seed];
?'Son of the Bear'; an
Adan of the First House of Bëor
Arvernien S (?dialectal); see
ar(a)-
high, noble [appx]; see also PHER-, PHÉREN- beech,
Q
ferne,
Telerin ferne,
ON pheren [Etym], ?S verne [presumed; ph > v
is not a normal S mutation, but the term
could well be dialectal
S, in this case
Falathren]; -ien is likely a dialectal variant
of -land 'region',
from LAD- 'wide'
[the -l- usually becomes a syncope, becoming -an(d)
in S]; in daily usage it may
possibly have been associated
with YAN- sanctuary [Etym]; this forested tableland is described
as
'high country'; most likely
'High Realm of the Beeches'; southern woodlands of Beleriand west of the
Mouths of Sirion; in one
place Arvernien is referred to as 'the coasts of the Falas', in
which case the
first element would derive
from AR²- outside, beside [Etym]: 'Beside the Beech-region'
Ar-Zimraphel N; see Míriel²
Ascar S; see
SKAR-
rend, Nol asgar, ascar violent, rushing, impetuous [Etym;
the initial a- is
apparently an augmentative
element in S, called a 'reduplicated base vowel']; 'Tearing'; a tributary
of
Gelion; later Rathlóriel
Astaldo Q; 'The Valiant';
given the meaning 'valiant', the word should be easily decoded, but is
problematical; in The
War of the Jewels, Part Three, Chapter III [Maeglin], Tolkien
mentions a
sundóma
[SUD- base, sundo root-word (Etym) + OM- Q óma
voice, vowel (Etym)] - a Q 'determinant
vowel' used to strengthen
the stem - in this case A-, i.e.: a-stal; the proper Q stem
seems to be
missing [see STÁLAG-
stalwart (Telerin and Nol, not in Q; Etym), STAL- steep (Ilk only,
neither in
Nol or Q; Etym), and /STEL
remain, firm (Q and S; not in Etym, but in the chapter
Maeglin,
above)];
stems related to this
cosmic
name might be ESE-,
ESET- Q esta first [Etym] and
GALAD- tree, Q alda
[Etym; as 'firmly grounded'];
a-
+ stal = 'valiant' [?] with -do as a Q agental ending ['one
who is',
perhaps used to indicate
an expansive cosmic sense, especially in combination with the sundóma
-
see Hildor,
also meldo 'friend' from MEL- love]; see also POL-,
POLOD-
physically strong, Q polda
strong [Etym]; the older
lexicons offer Polodweg = Tulcus (polod 'power, might'),
with the Q form
Poldórëa;
the Vala Tulkas
Atalantë Q; see AT(AT)-
back, Q ata- again [Etym]; see also DAT-, DANT- fall
down, Q lanta a fall
[Etym]; 'The Downfallen',
i.e. 'fall back into the sea'; in his Letters Tolkien redirects
this analysis; he
claims a = 'complete'
[under common base talat 'topple over, slip down' {Sauron Defeated,
Part Two,
p. 249}], found in Etym
as TALÁT- lean, fall down; the final elements are a bit confused,
however;
under TALÁT-,
-lanta is attributed to a stem LANTA-
'to fall down', Q lanta-, which was not
included in the published
Etym, but has appeared in recent addendum; the reason is likely because
Q lanta is derived
from the stem DANT- in the original publication [see above; initial
d is softened
to l in Q]; the
intent is 'utter destruction'; Q name for Númenor
after its 'fall'
Atanamir Q; see adan
[appx; see Atani below]; also mîr jewel [appx];
-a- is a genitive marker; 'Jewel
of the Edain'; a king
of Númenor; also Tar-Atanamir
Atanatári Q; see
adan
Men, 'Elf-friends' [appx]; see also atar father [appx]; -a-
could also be taken as
a genitive marker and
-i forms a Q plur suffix; 'Fathers of Men'; see Atani
[next]
Atani Q; see AT(AT)-
again (second), Q at(a)- [Etym; Gaelic, Old Irish ath-,
Celtic ati- 're-, again']; the
root can be confused with
ATA-
father, Q atar, plur atari [Etym]; the last element of Atani
likely
derives from TAN-
make, fashion [Etym], of which the Q form is tan(-o) and
the Nol form is than, and
the Dor form would be
dan;
the -i forms a Q plur suffix; the S is Adan, plur Edain
= Men: 'The
Second [fashioned] People';
the name is said in one place to have been inspired by an early term
Men used for themselves,
possibly from Anglo-Saxon aetan to eat, (ge-)etan
eat together
[?figuratively 'Tribe']
Aulë Q; Q adaptation
of Valinorean A3ulez
[meaning not known]; see GAWA- or GOWO- devise, Q
aule invention,
Nol Gaul [Etym]; as with the names of all the Valar, many concepts
may be implied;
see OY- ever, oiale
everlasting [Etym]; also see IL- all, Q ilya, with ILU-
universe, Q ilu, ilúve [Etym;
the name Aulë
occurs in reverse in the divine name Ilúvatar]; the stem
ÓLOS-
dream, Q olor [Etym]
may implicate the Biblical
doctrine that 'things which are seen are not made of things which do
appear' [Etym]; it is
said of Aulë that he understood the 'fabric of the earth'; a Vala,
smith, fabricator
of the visible world,
master and teacher of crafts
Avallónë Q;
see
AWA- away, out, Q ava outside [Etym]; see also LONO-
Q lóna island [Etym] - i.e.
'island outside' Valinor
[implied by -val-]; this is a bit misleading due to the evolution
of the name
from earlier writings
where the name indicated the whole island [Tol Eressëa], to The
Silmarillion
where it denotes the harbour
and the city; the name essentially retains the original form, but the final
element implies LOD-
strait, Q londe harbour, haven [Etym], with the -de becoming
a syncope and
the Q final genitive suffix
-ë being appended - 'Haven Outside [of Valinor]'
Avari Q; see AB-,
ABAR-
refuse, Q Avar, plur Avari [Etym]; 'The Unwilling, the Refusers';
Elves who
chose not to travel west
Avathar 'ancient Q'; AWA-
away, Q ava outside [Etym]; the second element is described as an
'ancient Q' form; possibly
a Q form related to WATH- shade, Old Nol watha [Etym], Q
vathar
'shadows' [presumed -
no Q forms given; -r forms a plur in Q]; the older lexicons give
a stem element
*MBAÞ-related to
[Nol] *mat-, math 'dusk', -bath 'night'; here it appears
that m or b > v by lenition
to blend with ava-
[+ (m)atha + -r = 'shadows outside (Valinor); in separate
notes Tolkien states that,
at least in S, shade
means 'dim light', not shadows cast by light; that rule would seem to apply
here,
where Ungoliant wove thick
webs that blocked out the light of the Two Trees (there was no Sun at
this time)]; another name
was Arvalin [AR²- outside, Q prefix ar- (Etym)
+ valin = outside Valinor];
'The Shadows'; bleak lands
of Aman
Azaghâl D; Dwarf
of the First Age
Balan M, although the name
could relate to BAL- ON bala power [Etym]; early name of
Bëor
the Old;
no source has been proposed
for either of these names; Balan may relate to the Celtic sources
of the
Arthurian legend; some
scholars attribute the names of the knights Balan and Balin
to the Celtic
god Belenus ['Sparkling']
so popular in Gaul and Britain [Indo-European root bhel-¹ to
shine]; this
association survives in
the Old English bæl fire, Irish Beltaine [a festival
of light]; in Breton and
ancient Gaulish the word
[balan, balain] meant 'broom', or 'brush'; the original name
of Bëor
Balar S/M; the name is
attributed to BAL- power, Q Vala, plur Valar,
Power, God, ON balar [Etym];
however, like the name
Belfalas
[below], the bel- element is said to have been related to early
'Mannish' languages; one
possibility Tolkien had in mind for Mannish origin might be the
Latin
pelagus the open
sea, from Greek pellatos, related to pellos dark-coloured
and pelo be in motion;
similarly Old English
and Germanic bellan to roar; the most likely M source, however,
is probably
Gaulish *vlato-s,
root vala, vla, be strong [the Indo-European root is bhel-²
swell, bel strong, large],
which gives rise to the
Germanic walda 'dominion', English wield; it would seem that
the Mannish
element Bel- and
the Elvish element
Bal- early became inextricably entertwined in
relation to the sea,
and the origin is somewhat
lost; in the legends of Beleriand the name's origins are almost solely
attributed to the same
as Valar, since the Undying Lands were near to the coasts
of Middle Earth in
ancient times; the Maia
Ossë [also called
Balar 'Powerful', from S bálare
(Dor verb form?)], who
served the Valar and the
sea, guided the Eldar to the 'land of the gods'; a large bay at the mouth
of
the river Sirion, also
an island removed from there; see Beleriand
Balrog S; bal-
see previous; also see RUK- demon, Nol rhaug [Etym], and
see rauko demon, S raug,
rog [appx]; 'Demon
of Might', a fire monster
Barad-dûr S; see
barad
tower [appx], from BARAT- Nol barad tower [Etym] and BARÁD-
lofty
[Etym], related to BAR-
raise, save [Etym], and perhaps RAT- walk, Nol râd
[Etym] ... RATH
climb [not in Etym]; see
dûr
dark [appx], from DO3, DÔ- night, Nol & S dûr
dark [Etym]; 'The Dark
Tower'
Barad Eithel S; barad
see previous; see eithel well, spring [appx], from ET- forth,
out [Etym] + KEL-
run (especially of water)
= et-kele, and by metathesis *ektele > eithel [Etym];
'Tower of the Well'
Barad Nimras S; barad
see previous; see also nim white [appx], from NIK-W- snow,
Q ninqe, Nol
nim(p)-
white [Etym]; also see
ras horn [appx]; 'White Horn Tower'
Baragund Nol; see BARÁS-
hot, Nol bara fiery, eager [Etym]; also see KUNDU- prince,
Nol cunn,
-gund in names
[Etym]; 'Fiery Prince'; perhaps the Elvish rendering is an adaptation of
an earlier M
name, such as Gaulish
bratu-,
*bera, judge [which may also refer to Bëor, ancestor
and patriarch of
the 'clan'], and Gaulish
cuno-
high, but which often became blended with cú, Breton koun
'hound';
['Judge' is more logical
an interpretation than 'Prince' in the sense of the period of Judges
in Biblical
Israel, wherein, lacking
a king, judges settled legal and civic disputes of their individual tribes;
Men
coming into Beleriand
did not have 'kings', but rather 'chieftains']; an Adan, nephew of Barahir
Barahir S; bara- see
previous; the element may also refer to Bëor, ancestor
and patriarch of the 'clan';
see also KHER-
rule, Nol hîr household, chief [Etym]; 'Fiery Chief'; also
see Baragund for possible
M element *bera
judge; -hir might relate to a possible Celtic source *kairo
blaze (English hoar);
father of Beren
Baran ?M; Gaelic baran
baron ['strong man'], Old English bæran bearing; also see
Baragund for
possible M element *bera
judge [which may also refer to Bëor, ancestor and patriarch
of the 'clan'];
see BARÁN-
brown [Etym], or perhaps an adapted form of BARÁD- lofty,
ON branda, brann noble,
chief [Etym]; son of Bëor
Baranduin S; see BARÁN-
brown [Etym]; see also duin river [appx]; 'The Brown River'; in
Hobbit the
Brandywine
Bar-en-Danwedh S; see
bar
dwelling [appx], from MBAR- dwell [Etym]; -en- indicates
a possessive
article; Danwedh
appears to be a compound of NDAN- back, Nol dân contrary
[Etym], and WED-
bind, Nol gweð
bond, compact [Etym] - 'contrary contract', i.e. ransom; 'House
of Ransom'; also
known as Echad i Sedryn
'Camp of the Faithful' [?AK- confined (Etym; S not certain; S ec-
does
occur under EK-
spear) + SAT defined area, set aside, S sad (not in Etym),
sad
> had in compounds
(see appx: sîr)
= confined area (?or spear place), 'camp'; -i- forms
a possessive article; seidia- a S
verb 'set aside for a
special purpose' from the same as sad, plural sed- + ryn
(S plur of agental suffix
-ron) = special
ones or 'faithful']; hideout of Túrin on Amon Rûdh
Battles of Beleriand The
first
battle: the first attack by Morgoth against the Sindar and Noldor [see
text
of The Silmarillion,
p. 96]; the second (the Battle-under-Stars): see Dagor-nuin-Giliath;
the third (the
Glorious Battle): see
Dagor
Aglareb; the fourth (the Battle of Sudden Flame): see
Dagor
Bragollach;
the fifth battle (Unnumbered
Tears): see Nirnaeth Arnoediad
Bauglir Nol; see MBAW-
compel, force, Nol baug cruel, bauglir tyrant [Etym; baug
+ ?LIR²- row,
range (?Nol only; Etym),
perhaps used here as an augmentative plural - chain of cruelties
= 'Tyrant'];
there is some question
whether -(l)ir forms an 'aorist' [indefinite] verbal element
here [-i- + (plur) -r];
perhaps, but with the
term Hithaeglir the element is actually part of the translation:
'row'; perhaps
terms such as Bauglir,
Anfauglir
and Eglir argue for a special [?plur] agental form, supported in
one of Tolkien's writings
by the variant Baugron [see Sauron]; it is interesting
to note that the
element does not occur
in the LOTR lexicon; name of Morgoth; also 'The Constrainer'
Beleg S; [Elf of Doriath];
see beleg mighty [appx], from BEL- strong, Ilk Beleg
'the Strong' [the entry
explains that Nol beleg
'great' is derived distinctly from the Ilk; perhaps the 'Ilk' form is derived
from
WEG- man (Etym),
used often as an agental suffix: 'one who is strong']; a great archer;
also called
Cúthalion
'Strongbow'
Belegaer S; beleg- see
previous (Nol), but also read bel- element under Balar
(above); see also AY-
pool, AYAR- sea,
Nol oear [Etym], S aear; however, appx gives gaer
'sea' from GAYA 'awe, dread'
[see GÁYAS-
fear, dread (Etym)]; notwithstanding, in a fairly late letter dated August,
1967 [#297],
Tolkien states: *AYAR
'sea', Q ëar, S aear; in one of his notes Tolkien also
relates the latter element
to *GAY- 'astound, make
aghast', proto-Eldarin *gayar 'sea', Q ëar, S adjective
*gaira, fearful ... S
gaear sea‡,
because they beheld the sea with awe; 'The Great Awesome (Sea)'
‡ War of the Jewels, Part Four, p. 400
Belegost S; see beleg
mighty [appx], and see Beleg; see also os(t) fortress
[appx]; 'Great Fortress'; the
Dwarvish is
Gabilgathol;
See Mickleburg
Belegund Nol; beleg-
see previous; see also KUNDU- prince, Nol cunn, (-gund
in names) [Etym];
'Mighty [or Great]
Prince'; perhaps the Elvish name is fashioned upon an older M name, such
as
Gaulish bele-,
*belo- 'flash, fire' [Indo-European root bhel-¹ 'bright'],
and Gaulish
cuno- high ('noble'),
but which often became
blended with cú, Breton koun 'hound' ['fierce fighter'];
father-in-law of Huor
Beleriand ?M & S [see
Balar
for bal-, bel-]; the -i- can indicate a possessive;
see also LAT- lie open,
Nol lhand open
space [Etym], closely related to LAD-wide, Nol lhand, lhann
[Etym]; the -l- becomes
a syncope in compounds;
a related stem is
NAD- Nol nand,
nann wide grassland,
watered plain, Nol
nand field, valley
[Etym]; the 'Land of Balar', originally coastal lands near the mouth of
the great river
Sirion and the island
of Balar, came in time to include most of the lands west of the Ered Luin
and
south of the frozen North;
Beleriand was plunged to the bottom of the sea so that following the First
Age only Ossiriand (Lindon)
remained, plus a few isolated islands
Belfalas M & S; Bel-
see Balar; also see BEL- strong, great [Etym]; see
also PHAL-, PHÁLAS- foam,
Nol falas shore
[Etym], S falas 'shore, line of surf' [appx]; 'the Great Coasts';
the name is said to
partly have pre-Númenórean
origins, 'Bel' adapted by the Elves and -falas appended [see discussion
under Balar];
the coasts of Gondor; also Bay of Belfalas
Belthil S; see BAL-,
Q Vala power, God, Nol Bal-, Bel- [Etym; the bel-
variation may indicate feminine
gender]; see also
sil-
(and [S] variant thil-) shine (silver) [appx]; 'Divine radiance';
a reproduction of
Telperion
Belthronding S; see BEL-
strong, great [Etym]; see also STAR-, Nol thâr stiff
... STARAN- Ilk. thrôn
stiff, hard [Etym; the
Ilk subgrouping was abandoned by Tolkien, but some of the linguistic forms
were absorbed into S];
the suffix DING- is onomatopoeic, sound of a bowstring [Etym]; 'Intractable
Bow'; bow of Beleg
Cúthalion of Doriath
Bëor Nol? see BOR-
endure, Nol boron trusty man, vassal [Etym]; similarly, see BEW-
follow, serve,
Nol beor [Etym];
his original name was Balan; the name Bëor is
said to have been added in his own
tongue and mean 'vassal',
yet the only tongue in which the term has been so defined is Nol; Anglo
Saxon beor 'meal
companion, guest', likewise beoran [bearan] 'to carry', also
'situated by birth',
further 'endure, support';
the word is probably in a tongue Tolkien called 'Taliska', for which the
inspiration is uncertain
[?Latin talis 'of such a kind', 'special kind', related to Greek
telamon
'supporter, bearer' (a
strap) - root *tal, *tel, 'take, lift']; called 'The Old';
a patriarch of the Adan and
vassal to the Noldor;
see Balan
Bereg probably M, but
see BERÉK- wild, Nol breg- [Etym]; ?Anglo Saxon bearg
hog? or perhaps
derived from Gaulish *bera
'judge, decide', with -eg as an adjectival or genitive suffix; a
contrarian
Adan of the House of Bëor
[the first element in Bereg?] who emigrated back East
Beren S; see BER-
valiant, Nol beren bold [Etym]; -en forms a S adjective -
'Daring'; an Adan; pried a
Silmaril from Morgoth's
iron crown; only mortal to return from the dead; great-grandfather of Elrond,
and progenitor of the
Númenórean kings; of the line of Bëor
[contained in first element of Beren?],
so that through his union
with the Sindarin Princess Lúthien, whose mother was
the Maia Melian,
the seed of the Ainu,
the Elves and Men became joined; see Baragund for possible
M element to
the names of the descendants
of Bëor; also called Camlost and
Erchamion
Black Land See Mordor
Black Sword See Mormegil
Blessed Realm See Aman
Blue Mountains See Ered
Luin and Ered Lindon
Bór M or S? appears
to derive from BOR- endure, Nol bór faithful vassal
[Etym]; perhaps adapted
from a M name based on
Anglo-Saxon borh [borg] 'pledge, bondsman', from the Germanic;
or Early
Irish borr 'to
stick out' (e.g.: the chest), 'great, pride'; Anglo Saxon bora means
'ruler'; chieftain of
men from the East; bound
himself to Maedhros and Maglor
Borlach S? bor-
see previous; also see lhach leaping flame [appx]; what seems likely
is that the name
of Bór, the patriarch
of this clan, was originally in their own tongue, while the names of his
sons
seem to have retained
the element yet been adapted to Elvish ['faithful'], presumably S: Borlach
=
'Enduring Flame'; in Gaelic
-lach forms a collective noun from a single entity, here: borr
+ lach =
'Proud Ones', or Gaelic
lach
in combination with the S bór-: 'the Faithful'; Old English
*borlic exalted,
borlice excellently,
bærlic
open [see Borlad, next]; son of Bór
Borlad S? bor-
see previous; also see LAD- wide, open [Etym], or LAT- free,
open [Etym], perhaps
reaffirming his sovereignty
even in service to the Noldor [see Borlach]; the Old English
equivalent
may support this, as læt
is the class above slave but below freeman; the name was originally Borlas,
perhaps Gaelic bor-
great [see Bór] + las kindle, spark, lias
torch, Early Irish lés, or perhaps Anglo-
Saxon last vow
[in S bor faithful + GALÁS- joy, Nol glas (Etym)];
the element bor- is preserved in
the line of Bór
and the line of Bëor, and is said to imply 'faithful men'; a
son of Bór
Boromir S; see BOR-
endure, Nol bór faithful vassal, boron trusty man
[Etym], and see Borlad; it
seems likely that ROM-
loud noise, horn-blast [Etym] must be considered; in one writing Tolkien
states that Frodo was
asked about the most memorable possession of the later Boromir [of the
Fellowship of the Ring],
and he replied 'I remember that he bore a horn'; see
mîr jewel
[appx];
'Faithful Jewel (Horn)';
great-grandson of Bëor and ancestor of Beren,
and a legendary name
amongst the Edain; [the
name is also legendary amongst stories of Irish heroes and kings - as
Boroma (said to
mean 'tribute' in one place, although this author has been unable to confirm
it)]
Boron S; see BORÓN-
steadfast [Etym], also Boromir; the name may relate to the
Gaelic baran a
baron, Irish barún,
Welsh barwn; father of Boromir
Borthand S; bor-
see Borlad; the element borth is mentioned in Etym
under BOR- endure, faithful
[Etym], but Tolkien neglected
to develop his intentions; it is possibly BOR- blended with BARATH-
lofty [Etym]; the second
element is derived from KHAN- understand, Nol hand intelligent
(Borthandos) [Etym];
'Faithful and Compassionate Chief'; a M equivalent might be Anglo Saxon
bora 'ruler' and
ðand [< ðindan 'to swell'], or ðegn
'military vassal' [English thane]; a son of Bór
Bragollach See Dagor
Bragollach
Brandir S; see BARÁD-
lofty, Nol brand, brann noble [Etym]; the suffix is from
DER-
adult male,
man, Nol dîr
[-dir; Etym; often used agentally]; 'Man of Nobility'; an Adan;
also called 'The Lame'; a
M equivalent might be
Celtic bran 'raven, crow', also the name of a Gaulish god-hero,
and Gaulish
*dûro- 'stubborn'
Bregolas S; see BERÉK-
wild, Nol bregol violent, Bregolas fierceness [Etym; the
Indo-European root
bhreg- 'to break'
seems related]; the form is early [Dor], and does not seem to decode the
same as the
later name Legolas
[see LOTR]; the suffix -as appears to form a noun from an
adjective: 'violent';
'Zealot'; father of Baragund
and Belegund; an Adan, son of Bregor [next]; a M equivalent
could be
Old English bræc
'breaking, destruction', brecan 'break', from Germanic *brekan,
and an Old Irish
word colla 'strong
man', from a root kû, ku 'power' [see Belagund]
Bregor S; brego-
see previous; the suffix is likely from GOR- violence, impetus,
haste, Nol -or [Etym];
Anglo-Saxon brego
'chief, lord' [and see Bregolas]; Anglo-Saxon gor,
gar
can be used for 'spear',
also the idea of 'piercing';
father of Barahir and Bregolas, of the line of Bëor;
'Fervent'; an Adan and
a bowman of reknown
Brethil S; see BERÉTH-
beechtree, Ilk [S] breth- [Etym]; see also SIL- [Etym] variant
of THIL- 'shine
silver' [Etym], due to
the beech's silver-grey bark; it may be that the -il ending here
is supposed to
imply a plur, i.e.: 'forest'
[IL- all (Etym), possibly used in the Silvan dialect to form a plur];
a similar
name for a 'beechtree'
forest was Dor Neldoreth; a forest of Beleriand
Bridge of Esgalduin See
Iant
Iaur
Brilthor S; see MBIRÍL-
[Etym; compound of MIR- jewel (Etym), and RIL- glitter (Etym)],
Ilk [S] bril-
glass [Etym]; also see
THOR-
(eagle), come swooping down, adjective [Ilk?] thôr swooping
(thórod
torrent) [Etym]; 'Glittering
Torrent'; a tributary of Gelion
Brithiach S; see brith
gravel [appx], from BIRÍT- Ilk [S] brith broken stones
[Etym; perhaps a
compound of PER-
halve (Etym) + RIS- cleave (Etym) - 'cleave in half']; -i-
forms a possessive; see
also AK- narrow
[Etym; ?Dor form -ach: see EK- spear, Nol ech (Etym)]
- i.e. 'narrows of gravel' or
'Gravel Ford'; the last
element would seem to relate to YAK- neck [Etym] as a 'narrowing'
[the Nol
form is given as iaeth,
but this derivative may have been misplaced]; a ford over Sirion
Brithombar S; brithon-
see next; see also MBAR- dwell (-ing) [Etym; the -n- becomes
-m- in the
compound, although it
may also be that this name is in the S dialect called Falathrin];
'Wards of the
River Brithon', although
in one text the last element is interpreted 'haven' - 'Haven of the River
Brithon'; one of the Havens
of the Falas; see Brithon [next]
Brithon S; brith-
see Brithiach; -on is possibly an augmentative suffix
in S - see Calenardhon -
'gravely'; it might also
imply that the banks were pinelands - see THON- Ilk [S] thôn
pine-tree
[Etym]; some texts state
that 'fair towns were builded' at the rivers' mouths [Brithombar
and
Eglarest],
and the walls and 'quays and piers [were] of stone'; it seems likely that
brith here refers
to river rock as
much as mere gravel; a river at Brithombar
Brodda M; Gaelic brod
a goad, prickle, Norse broddr, sting, brodda to prick, goad,
incite, Anglo-
Saxon brord a prickle
[English: 'prod']; an Easterling who may have fought on the side of Morgoth
at the Nirnaeth Arnoediad
