appx = Appendix [Silmarillion
- Elvish roots]
D =
Dwarvish
Dor = Doriathrin
Etym = The Etymologies
Ilk = Ilkorin
[see Dark Elves]
M = Men, Mannish
N = Númenórean,
Adûnaic
Nol = Noldorin
ON = Old Noldorin
plur = plural
Q = Quenyan
[High Elven]
S = Sindarin
LOTR = Lord of the Rings Dictionary
Roots in BOLD TYPE CAPITALS refer to listing in
The
Etymologies section, The Lost Road,
J.R.R. Tolkien,
Del Rey Books, ©1987 -- bracketed [Etym]
Roots in bold small type refer to listing in The
Silmarillion, Appendix, J.R.R. Tolkien and Christopher
Tolkien, Houghton Mifflin
Company, ©1977 -- bracketed [appx]
Words of the languages of the Rohirrim, Hobbits and Common
Speech are traced to possible roots in the
ancient Elven tongue,
although there is no authority for confirming such a derivation; the terms
are
derived from ancient English,
especially Anglo Saxon
=====
Faelivrin S; the name is
translated variously as 'sheen [of the Sun] on the pools of Ivrin', 'gleam
on
the waters [of Ivrin]',
and 'glimmering sheen on the glassy pools [of Ivrin]'; in The Book of
Lost
Tales the name
- given there as Failivrin - is adequately dissected into its componenet
linguistic
parts... unfortunately
those sources are not available to us in this present work; by that analysis,
fail = pale,
``and Failin a name of the Moon´´ [and see discussion
of fael- under Fëanor]; the only
stem in
The Etymologies
that comes close is GIL- shine (white or pale), gael pale,
glimmering [Etym;
all the forms given are
'Nol' since initial 'g' does not occur in Q; there is no known demonstrable
mutation in S of g
> f]; it would seem that the name is an old one that Tolkien liked
enough to retain
in his later writings,
and its sources are a bit obscure, although the meaning is sure: (figuratively)
'Pale, Delicate Radiance';
a name of the Noldorin princess Finduilas [below]; see also
Ivrin
'a glassy
substance' [below]; Tolkien
originally rendered the name in Old English as Fealuléome:
fealu
'yellow, tawny' + léoma
'gleam, radiance'
Faithful, The See Elendili
Falas S; see falas
shore, line of surf [appx], from PHAL-, PHÁLAS- foam,
Nol falas (plur feles) beach,
shore, adjective falathren
[Etym]; the coasts of Beleriand
Falathar S; falath-
see previous; see also THAR- beyond [Etym]; 'beyond the shore line';
as neat as
this appears, the -ar
ending would be uncommon in Dor / S except as a plur verb form, and PHAL-
occurs as a verb as (e)spal-
'to foam', plur 'they that foam', which would not seem to apply here; the
name may be in the S dialect
of the Falas; a mariner
Falathrim S; falath-
see previous; see also RIM- numerous, as a collective plur -rim
[Etym]; 'people
of the shore'; Elves whose
leader was
Círdan, the shipwright
Falmari Q; falas
see previous, Q falma (crested) wave [appx]; the -i ending
forms a plur in Q, perhaps
related to LI-
many, Q lie people, -li plur suffix [Etym]; 'shore-dwellers'
or 'Wave-folk': i.e.: the Teleri
Fëanor S-ised Q;
[the pure S form would supposedly have been Faenor, the Q was Fëanáro];
see fëa
spirit [appx]; perhaps
fëa
results from the expansion of Eä 'let it be' - the creative
word of Ilúvatar;
the 'Children of Ilúvatar'
[Elves and Men] possessed a fëa 'soul' or 'indwelling spirit',
and a hröa
'physical body'; the closest
stem in Etym is PHAY- radiate light [Etym], but more at SPAN-
white,
Nol fein white,
faun
cloud [Etym; because a cloud appears to have substance but is intangible];
fëa
actually derives from
a stem not in Etym: /PHAYA spirit, Q
fëa, ?S fae-(-l);
Christopher Tolkien
assumes S fael
to derive from /PHAYA, and gives the meaning as 'fair-minded', which derivation
may be a bit of a stretch
of credulity, and would not seem to apply to fael- in Faelivrin
['pale'
(above)]; also see ANÁR-
sun, Nol Anor [Etym]; 'Essence of [blazing] Fire'; son of Finwë,
leader of
the Noldorin rebellion
in Valinor; devised the Fëanorian script [Tengwar];
maker of the Silmarils;
also Curufinwë
Fëanturi Q; Fëa-
see previous; Fëan- uses a special Q plur form -n; see
TA-,
TA3-
lofty; noble, tára,
turo master
[combining form with TUR- power, turo, tur 'master,
victor, lord' (Etym), tur 'mastery'
(appx)]; the -i
is also a Q plur ending, perhaps connected with LI- many, -li
plur suffix [Etym];
'Masters of Spirits',
two of the Valar
Felagund S; the text says
it is 'Dwarvish' in origin [felak-gundu 'cave-hewer' (felek
'hew rock' and
gundu 'underground
grotto'), but translated in Nol as 'Lord of Caves']; the etymology offers
PHÉLEG-
cave, Nol fela [Etym], although in this name it is said to also
imply S fael 'fair-minded',
connected with fëa
'spirit [see previous]; the last element then would derive from
KUNDU-
prince,
Nol cunn [-gund
in names; Etym]; a name of King Finrod after he built Nargothrond
Finarfin S-ised form of
Q (ON) Arafinwë; also S
Finarphin; see fin- hair
[appx], from
SPIN- Q finde,
Nol fin- hair [Etym];
see also ar(a)- high, noble, royal [appx], and NAR¹-
flame, Q nár, Nol naur, nar
[Etym; a play on words
in S, indicating his royalty and his light complexion]; also see PHIN-
nimbleness, skill, Nol
phin,
fin
[Etym; sometimes duplicates
fin 'hair' - another play on words];
in
being S-ised the repeated
fin element actually becomes meaningless; the patriarch of the clan
was
Finwë, and the element
Fin- was used in Valinor in all of the first generations; apparently
the original
name in S was Arfin
['Noble Fair-one' or (interpretively) 'Royal Son of Finwë'], and the
initial Fin- was
prefixed later to honor
the patriarch, Finwë; in S loosely 'Fair and Wise Prince'; third son
of Finwë;
remained in Aman and ruled
after the departure of the Noldor; he and his descendants had golden
hair
Finduilas Telerin or S?
fin-
see previous [in the older dialects find- was taken to indicate
'golden hair'
due to the Teleri having
a fair appearance]; see also
TUY- spring, sprout, Nol tuil-
[Etym]; if the
name is Telerin or Nandorin,
the -il element could be a conjunctive suffix ['and' - see LOTR
Thranduil], and
du-
would mean 'dark', which seems unlikely since Finduilas is described 'as
a
golden tree'; still, in
one place Tolkien describes the name as 'Telerin' in the Third Age in the
royal
line of Dol Amroth; see
also LAS¹- leaf [green], Nol lhas [Etym], S las,
perhaps related to an early
root of LÁYAK-
green [Etym] - LAYA flourish,
laisi vigour; while this analysis
is convenient, the
source of -las may be
different, although the meaning is not much changed; in a recently published
addendum to Etym, the
stem GALÁS- joy, Nol glas, mentions the name Borlas
['faithful and joyous',
where joyous could
mean 'full of life'], the -g- becoming a syncope as a medial consonant;
Finduilas
of the golden hair,
'A Yellow Blossom in the Greening of Spring'; daughter of Orodreth, killed
by
Orcs; also called Faelivrin
Fingolfin S-ised form
of Q (ON) Finwë Ñolofinwë; see PHIN- skill
[Etym]; the ending -wë derives
from WEG- (manly)
vigour [Etym], and is used often agentally implying 'Noble One'; the third
element is from ÑGOL-
wise, Nol *ngolda wise, learned in deep arts, golw lore [Etym;
Ñolo-
is a Q
and ON form, the -o
either being a male marker or more likely a genitive sign]; 'Wise Noble
of Skill
and Lore'; as with Finarfin
the first element is repeated, and one may imply hair, as his mother
was
Indis 'the fair'; in being
S-ised the repeated fin element actually becomes meaningless, but
the Fin-
prefix was intended to
honor the patriarch of the family, Finwë; in Valinor he also bore
the Q name
Arakáno
[ar(a)- high, noble (appx) + káno commander (appx;
used for a prince or royal underling)];
second son of Finwë;
died in single combat with Morgoth
Fingon S-ised form of
Q (ON) Findekáno;
SPIN- braid of hair, Q findë
lock of hair [Etym] + káno
commander [appx; used
for a prince or royal underling]; the text states, however, that it would
have
been natural to use the
Fin-
element simply to honor the family patriarch's name, Finwë; the final
element would seem to
relate to
KAN- dare, valour [Etym], but Tolkien either abandoned
that
definition, or created
a similar stem: KAN cry, call aloud, Q káno commander, S
caun,
-gon in names
of royalty [appx]; as
with the fin- elements in Finarfin and Fingolfin,
the -gon element may have
lost its original implication
['commanding'] in S, meaning simply 'call' or 'shout'; son of Fingolfin,
called 'the Valiant'
Finrod S-ised form of Q/Telerin
[Findaráto Ingoldo]; fin- is said in the text
to refer to SPIN- braid of
hair, Q finde lock
of hair, Nol findel, finnel [Etym], Q finda 'having
hair, -haired'; in the older dialects
find- was often
taken to indicate 'golden hair' due to the Teleri having a fair
appearance; however,
Fin- is also part
of the royal heritage of the children issuing from King Finwë [next],
sometimes
indicating 'hair', perhaps
sometimes indicating PHIN- skill [Etym], but always denoting their
royal
blood line; the last element
of Findaráto is derived from ar(a)- high, noble, royal,
extended stem
arat-, aráto
champion [appx; -o is a male marker], in becoming S-ised, apparently
blended with
RAUTA- metal, Q
and ON rauta, Nol -rod in names, often implying 'copper'
[Etym; or 'auburn' or
'fair-haired']; Ingoldo:
I-
Q article 'the' [Etym] + ÑGOL- wise ... ÑGÓLOD-
the wise folk, Q noldo
[*ñoldo],
Tel golodo = Ingoldo [*Iñgoldo] 'an eminent
Noldo [*Ñoldo]'; in S the name Finrod
essentially means 'Copper-haired
(Prince)'; Finrod is of the line descended from the Vanyarin
matriarch Indis 'the fair';
son of Finarfin and founder of Nargothrond; also Felagund
Finwë Q and ON; fin-
see previous discussions - in this case likley PHIN- skill [Etym],
as from him
came the love of the Noldor
in things of craft, and his eldest son, Fëanor, fashioned the mysterious
light of the Silmarilli;
-wë is a masculine suffix derived from WEG- (manly)
vigour [Etym], also used
agentally here as a mark
of royalty, maintained in his male offspring [see previous entries]; 'Noble
One of Craft'; leader
of the Noldor; father of
Fëanor,
Fingolfin,
and Finarfin
Fírimar Q; see
PHIR-
Q firin dead, fírima mortal [Etym]; -r forms
a Q plur; the -ima ending generally
was used in forming adjectives
in Q, but when pluralised in an ethnic context seems to indicate a
'people' [MEL-
love, Q melima loveable, fair, Melimar = Lindar ('Vanyar'),
due to their fair
complexions; Etym]; however,
in late notes Tolkien extended this stem to *PHIRI to exhale [a verb],
Fírimar
'those able to die', implying that -ima was an adverbial form meaning
'-able' in Q, and adding
-r forms a plur
noun; originally the verb had no connection with death, and it should be
presumed
that when the Noldor came
in contact with Men in Beleriand they adapted the term 'expire' to mean
'death', just as it does
in English; 'Mortals', Men
Firstborn, The the Elves
Followers, The Men; translation
of Hildor
Formenos Q; see formen
north [appx], from PHOR- right-hand, Q formen north [Etym;
MEN-
Q men
place (Etym) = 'right-hand
place'], S for, forn, forod [appx]; the stem implies
that the standard map
perspective would be facing
West, not North; see also OS- round, Q osto city, town with
wall round
[Etym], os(t) fortress
[appx]; in the older Q Lexicon the term os(s) [rather than
ost]
denoted a walled
structure with a moat;
'Northern Fortress'; stronghold of Fëanor in the north of Valinor
Fornost S; For-
see previous, S for(n) north; see os(t)- fortress
[appx]; 'Northern Fortress', a
Númenórean
city in Eriador
Forsaken Elves See Eglath
Frodo anglicized form
of Hobbit; the name is 'English' for Hobbit Maura wise, experienced;
Anglo-
Saxon fród
wise, old, Old Norse fróðr knowing, learned; -o
forms a masculine ending; it could be
remotely related to
PHOR-
right-hand, Forodwaith Northmen [Etym]; in Return of the King
[Book
VI, Chapter 4] a praise
is sung to Frodo and Sam on the Field of Cormallen, where Frodo is called
Daur; this must
derive from a combined form in Etym; under TÁWAR- wood in
a sub-paragraph is:
Nol adj. taur mighty,
blend of *tara mighty [TA-, TA3- high, noble] and
*taura masterful, mighty
[TUR- power, victory]
[which has little to do with 'wood']; Daur must be a S lenited
['softened'] form
of taur, which
does not mean 'wise' but rather 'Victorious'; in the King's Letter
[Sauron Defeated,
Chapter XI, pp. 128-9],
Tolkien translates the name Frodo as Iorhael [referring to Sam's
son, Frodo,
not the Ringbearer]; YA-
ago, Nol iaur old [Etym], S ior [Nol au = S o]
+ SAY- know, Q saira wise
[Etym], S sael
[s > h in compounds (appx: sîr)] = 'Old and
Wise' or perhaps 'Savvy'; The Ringbearer
Fuinur the name may be
N, but is translatable in S; see fuin darkness [appx], from PHUY-
deep
shadow Nol fuin
[Etym]; see also -(n)dur devoted to [appx]; 'Servant of Darkness';
a Black
Númenórean
Gabilgathol D; see Belegost
Galadriel S for Q Altáriel,
Telerin Alatariel(lë); see GAL- [variant of KAL-]
shine, Nol calad light
[Etym], kal-, (gal-)
Q alata radiance, S galad shine [by reflection; appx]; see
also RIG- Q rie crown
[Etym], rig- wreathe
[appx]; Tolkien expanded this stem after he wrote Etym: RIG wreathe, riga
garland, Q and Telerin
ría, S rî; Q and Telerin
riellë
and S -ríel add feminine ending -iel, from
YEL-
daughter, Telerin -iellë,
Nol and S -iel; 'Maiden Crowned with a Festival Garland of Brilliance',
or, as
the text gives, 'Maiden
Crowned with a Radiant Garland'; after removing to Middle Earth, the name
became blended with other
forms: alda tree, S galadh [appx], from
GALAD- tree,
Nol galadh [Etym;
?Silvan galað],
and ril brilliance [appx], and indeed, she eventually became a queen
over the Silvan
or 'Green' Elves; 'maiden
crowned with glory'; one of the leaders of the Noldorin rebellion and one
of
those known to be the
most ancient of Elves at the end of the Third Age; keeper of Nenya,
the Ring
of Water, in Lothlórien
Galathilion S, although
perhaps borrowed from ON; see KAL- shine [Nol: GAL-], Nol
calad
light
[Etym]; perhaps implied
is GALA- thrive, Nol galas growth, plant [Etym] - see Silpion;
also implied
is galadh tree
- see Galadriel; see also THIL- (variant of SIL,
shine silver > Moon) Nol thilio to
glister [with silver sheen;
Etym]; KEL- run (especially of water), Nol eithel 'spring'
[older form aithil;
Etym] may have originally
been implied, as Telperion issued silvery drops of light into a pool at
its
root; -ion is sometimes
used as a genitive plural formation that augments the previous element(s),
and here perhaps also
implying [drops]
of silver light; 'Great Silver [Tree of]
Brilliance', 'The White
Tree of Tirion', an image
of Telperion
Galdor S; see GAL-
[Nol] shine, variant of KAL- [Etym], although the 'Nol' form means
more at
'radiance'; the element
may be inspired by a head of golden hair; the -dor masculine suffix
derives
from
TA-,
TA3-
noble ... found in names [Nol] as Tor-, -dor [Etym]; 'Noble
Light'; also Galdor
Orchal 'The Tall'
[ORO- high (Etym) + KHAL²- uplift, exalted, orchel
(error for orchal) lofty,
eminent (Etym) = 'Very
High']; the name may have been fashioned after an original M name; gal-
could relate to a Gallo-Roman
base *galia strong, Early Irish, Gaelic gal valour - but
also used as an
element meaning 'foreign',
as Men were considered in First Age Beleriand; -dor could relate
to the
base form *dur
'stong' [Latin durare to endure], Middle Irish dorr 'harsh,
rough', also 'anger'; (M)
Gal + dor
= 'Brave and Impetuous (Foreigner)'; son of Hador Lórindol, father
of Húrin and Huor;
an Adan
galvorn S; gal-
see previous; see also MOR- black [Etym], S adjective suffix -vorn
meaning 'black' [as
in Meglivorn 'black
bear']; m > v by a process called lenition; 'black
radiance'; a crafted metal
Gandalf see Olórin;
see LOTR Dictionary
Gates of Summer [sunrise]
Gelion S; the etymology
first derives the name from GAL- shine, bright [Etym; kal-,
(gal-) shine
appx]; but apparently
more at GYEL- [< GEL-] shout, Nol gell joy, Gelion
merry singer [as a fast-
flowing bubbling stream;
Etym], Old S gel(l); -ion is used as a genitive plur
suffix, often as an
augmentative [for further
analysis see Galathilion (above)]; 'Boisterous [One]'; described
as a
'swift river of small
volume'; a great river of Beleriand
Gelmir¹ S; gel-
see previous; see also mîr jewel [appx]; 'Jewel of Joy'; Elf
of Nargothrond
Gelmir² S; see previous;
Elf of Angrod
Gildor S; see gil
star [appx]; the suffix derives from TA-, TA3- noble, found
in names, as Tor-, -dor
[Etym]; 'Noble Star';
the name may have been fashioned after an original M name, perhaps Old
Norse
gildr 'of full
value, great, stout', gildi 'repute'; -dor see Galdor
[above]; 'Swift and Stout'; an Adan
Gil-Estel S; gil star
[appx], from GIL- shine [Etym]; Estel means 'hope' and derives
from a root not in
Etym: /STEL remain firm;
the S form would normally be thel 'purpose, resolve', but in this
case the
word is likely borrowed
from Q; estel was a Q word using a prefixed 'determinant vowel'
called a
sundóma
[see discussion at entry Astaldo] and means 'hope' or 'trust';
it refers to trust in Eru, and
hope for a better
existence beyond the span of this earthly life; it somewhat relates to
the stems
STÁLAG-
firm, Nol thala [Etym] and to some extent YES- Q yesta
desire, Nol iest wish [Etym],
although the forms from
STEL resemble those of STELEG- a Nol stem that produces thela
point
[Etym]; 'Star of Hope';
S name for Eärendil bearing the Silmaril as a star
Gil-galad S; gil-
see previous; galad 'shine' [see discussion under Galadriel];
'Star of Radiance',
given because of his appearance
in bright armour; later name of Ereinion; slain in combat
with
Sauron; son of Fingon
and last High King of the Noldor
Gimilkhâd N; last
King of Númenor
Gimilzôr N; see
Ar-Gimilzôr
Ginglith S [?dialectal];
see WIG- foam, Nol gwing spindrift, flying spray [Etym],
[?dialectal] S ging
[presumed]; see also lith
ash [appx], from LIT- Q litse sand [mud], Nol lith
[Etym]; described as
'glad and golden' in the
Lay
of the Children of Húrin [Course III], 'golden' implying
muddy,
which
also implies it may have
flowed slower than the Narog, with which there was confluence
somewhat
north of Nargothrond;
in The Lay of Leithian the Ginglith is said to 'foam-splash' the
land; a river in
Beleriand
Gladden Fields see LOTR
Dictionary; partial translation of S Loeg Ningloron;
area of reeds around
the Anduin
Glaurung S, perhaps a
dialectal form; see GLAW(-R)- Nol
glaur gold [Etym; in its
positive sense the
reference is to 'golden
light' or 'sunlight'; in a more mundane context the meaning appears to
be
simply gold]; the
last element is uncertain but could derive from ROY¹- chase,
Q *ronyo 'chaser',
Nol rhui(w)
[Etym], ?S rung [proposed] - 'Gold-Chaser'; more likely would be
a derivative of RUK-
demon, Q ranko,
Nol
rhaug, -rog [Etym]; Tolkien's notes mention an extended
verbal base, *RUKU,
with such S forms as groga
and grunc - 'to feel terror'; one archaic form - runk - could
occur as
-rung; 'Gold Demon'
or 'Golden Predator'; the Great Worm - a dragon slain by Túrin;
see
Urulóki
Glingal S; see (Q) LING-,
(Nol) GLING- hang [Etym]; the form seems to overlap GLIN-
sing [Etym];
further, appx offers glîn
gleam, from a S-only stem not in Etym: GLIM 'glint', glînn;
see also KAL-
shine, Nol gal
bright light [Etym]; the text defines the name as 'Hanging Flame', although
'Sparkling
Brilliance' might serve
as well; a copy of the tree Laurelin
Glirhuin S? see GLIR-
sing, Nol glîr song, poem [Etym]; -huin: see S-
demonstrative stem, Nol
masculine ho, hon,
plurals huin, hîn [Etym; 'they' - ?used as a multiplier:
'many'?]; 'Ballads'; a minstrel
and seer
Glóredhel S; see
LÁWAR-
gold [light or sheen], Nol glor [Etym]; -edhel is either
derived from ELED-
depart, Nol edela
'eldest', -eðel [Etym; this latter may have been abandoned],
or from a sub-stem
ÉLED- Star-folk,
Q Elda(plur: -r) [Elf], Nol eledh, Danian Edel
[Etym; reversed spelling since they
had been 'forsaken' on
the journey to Valinor; see discussion at Eglador], S edhel
'elf' [appx]; 'Elf-
gleam'; the name may be
fashioned after an original M name; e.g.: Old English gloren 'to
shine
brightly' + eðel
'native, domestic' = 'Radiant Pilgrim'; an Adan, wife of Haldir; probably
of fair
complexion
Glorfindel S-ised ON?
glor-
see previous; see also SPIN- braid of hair, ON sphinde lock
of hair, Nol
find(el)
[Etym; in his notes Tolkien implies that find- implied light hair
in the older Elvish dialects as
in the name Finduilas],
fin- 'hair' [appx];
êl, elen star [appx], and by extension
'Elf', is implied in the
final element; 'Golden-haired
[Elf]'; the Elves of Rivendell spoke S, but the S form of the name would
presumably be Glorfinnel;
in the King's Letter [Sauron Defeated, Chapter XI, pp. 128-9],
the King of
Gondor uses the name Glorfinniel
'Goldilocks', referring to one of Samwise's daughters [using the S
feminine suffix -iel];
issues arise with the name because it appears first as a Noldorin Elf of
the Exile
who was slain in combat
with a Balrog in the fall of Gondolin in the First Age; Tolkien returns
the
name to the Council of
Elrond in the Third Age and speculates on Elvish 'reincarnation', since
they
were immortal, thus implying
an extremely special status for this Elf who was allowed to return to
Middle-earth; this could
explain the archaic usage in 'Sindarin'
Golodhrim S; see
ÑGOL-
wise ... ÑGÓLOD- one of the wise folk, Q Noldo
[plur -r], Nol [and S: appx]
golodh, plur golodhrim
[Etym]; also see RIM- numerous, Nol rhim host, -rim
as a collective plural
suffix - 'people' [Etym];
the Noldor
Gondolin S-ised Q; see
gond
stone [appx]; see also DUL- hide, Nol dolen hidden, secret
[Etym; the
-en suffix was
intended here as a participial verb form, while -in could imply
an adjective in S];
originally the final element
was intended to be derived from ID- heart, desire, Nol inn,
ind [Etym] -
'heart of hidden stone',
but also became mixed with LIN²- sing, from the Q form of the
name -
Ondolindë
[GOND- stone, Q ondo (Etym) + LIN²- sing, Q linde
tune (Etym) = 'song of stone' or
'Singing Stone']; the
adaptation in S takes on the meaning 'The Hidden Rock'; a secret Elven
city
Gondolindrim S; gond-
see previous; gondolin(d) see previous; see also RIM-
numerous, Nol rhim
host, -rim as a
collective plural suffix 'people' [Etym]; Elves of Gondolin
Gondor S; gond-
see previous; see also dôr land [appx]; 'Land of Stone'; southern
Edain kingdom
Gonnhirrim S; see GOND-
stone, Nol gonn a great stone [Etym; more precisely, the form gonnhir-
is
used because the triple
consonant -ndh- would not be acceptable in forming compounds in
S; still,
'great' may be implied];
see also KHER- rule, master Nol hîr [Etym]; see also
RIM-
numerous, Nol
rhim host, -rim
as a collective plural suffix 'people' [Etym]; 'Masters of Stone', or 'Mason
Folk'; a S
name for Dwarves
Gorgoroth¹ S; see
gor
horror, dread, gor + gor = terrible horror (with reduplicated
gor)
[appx], from
ÑGÓROTH-
horror, Gorgoroth deadly fear (*gor-ngoroth) [Etym; see KHOTH-
gather, Nol hoth
host (Etym), -oth
as a plur intensifier 'nearly always in a bad sense' (appx)]; also
Ered
Gorgoroth
Gorgoroth² S; see
previous; a highland in Mordor
Gorlim S; gor-
see previous; see also LI- many, Nol -lin, combined with
RIM-
numerous -lim 'many'
[Etym]; 'many woes', 'the
Unhappy'; if the name had a M precursor it is hard to discern; perhaps
a
derivative of Germanic
*karo 'lament, grief' or connected with Gaelic goir 'cry';
an Adan
Gorthaur S; gor
horror [see previous]; see also thaur abominable [appx], from THUS-
Q
saura foul,
Nol thû stench
[Etym; Nol form:
Gorthû 'Horrible Stench']; in his letters
Tolkien mentions the
adjective 
aura,
from a base /THAW 'detestable', which yields 'contemporary Q' Sauron;
in the
earliest tales Thû
was a name of Sauron; the relationship of the name to stink is explained
in the
entry Sauron;
'Foul Horror'; S name of Sauron
Gorthol S; see gor
horror, dread [appx]; see also thôl helm [appx; perhaps from
TEL-, TELU- hood,
covering, Nol ortheli
roof (OR- high; note the mutation of t > th in compounds)
- Etym, perhaps in S
influenced by NDOL-
head (Etym) - 'head covering'; 'Dread Helm', a name of Túrin
Gothmog S; see GOS-,
GOTH-
dread, terror [Etym]; also see MBAW- compel, oppress, Nol (m-)baug
cruel, Gothmog
(*Gothombauk-) [Etym; Nol au > S o]; 'Oppressive Terror';
the use of mog instead
of bog seems to
indicate an outside influence; the name Gothmog occurred in the
older lexicons, and
may have been retained
in its original form; originally mog derived from a root MOKO 'hate',
which
could render the name
'Hated Terror'; Lord of Balrogs, also an Orc in the Third Age
Greater Gelion see Gelion
Great River see Anduin
Green-elves anglicised
form of Q Laiquendi
Greenwood the Great later
known as Mirkwood
Grey-elven tongue Sindarin
Grey-elves see Sindar
Grey Havens see Mithlond
Greymantle see Singollo,
Thingol
Grinding Ice see Helcaraxë
Grond S; see RUD-
rough piece of wood, Nol grond club [Etym]; the great mace of Morgoth
Guarded Plain see Talath
Dirnen
Guarded Realm see Valinor
Guilin S [?dialectal];
there is some question about the element gui-; see KUY- awake,
Nol cuil life
[Etym], S guil
[presumed, although chuil would seem more likely; perhaps it is
a dialectal S]; guil
occurs in Etym under GEY-
everlasting, Nol guil, uil, although it appears this stem
was abandoned;
there is a reference there,
however, to WAY- enfold, Nol ui, ?gui [Etym]; see
also
LI- many, Nol -lin
[Etym; however, this evolved
to -lim by merging with RIM- host] - 'Many Lives'; the reference
would certainly be obscure;
perhaps the last element derives from LIN²- sing [Etym], lin-
sing [appx]
- ?'About Singing'; perhaps
the last element is derived from ID- desire, Nol inn, ind
heart [Etym] -
'Heart of Life', or perhaps
it is just the S adjectival suffix -in, the term being interpreted
[?dialectaly]
as 'Lively'; a noble Elf
of Nargothrond
Gundor S; see KUNDU-
prince, Nol cunn, -gund [Etym]; see also TA-, TA3-
high, noble, in names
Tor-, -dor
[Etym]; 'Noble Prince'; the name may have been fashioned after a M precursor;
Gaulish
cuno- high ('noble'),
but which often became blended with cú, Breton koun
'hound' ['fierce fighter'];
-dor could relate
to the base form *dur 'stong' [Latin durare to endure], Middle
Irish dorr 'harsh,
rough', also 'anger';
[M] 'Fierce and Powerful'; an Adan, son of Hador
Gurthang S; see gurth
death [appx], from ÑGUR- death, Nol gûr, gurth-
[Etym]; see also anga iron, S
ang [appx]; the
text gives 'Iron of Death', a sword; see Anglachel
Gwaith-i-Mírdain
S; see gwaith people [appx], from WEG- vigour, Nol gweith
manhood, host [Etym],
[S] gwaith 'people'
[appx]; -i- is a genitive article [-in- with the n
becoming a syncope due to
following consonant];
see also mîr jewel [appx]; the last element derives from
TAN-
make, fashion,
[Etym], S -dan
'maker', plur -dain; 'People of the Jewel-smiths'; Elven craftsmen
in Eregion who
helped forge the 'Rings
of Power'
Gwindor S; see WIN-,
WIND-
pale blue, grey, Nol gwind pale, grey [Etym; an addendum to Etym
states: gwind
(adj.) = pale gray-blue]; 'grey from his tribulations' says
The
Lay of the Children of
Húrin -
because he had worked so long in the mines of Angband; this would imply
he had an earlier
name, which appears to
be Flinding [no derivation given but likely means 'faithful' ('straight',
'true',
perhaps related to PÍLIM-
arrow - Etym)]; see also
TA-, TA3- noble, found in names
as -dor [Etym];
'Noble Anguish'; Elf of
Nargothrond, son of Guilin and brother of Gelmir¹
Hadhodrond S; see hadhod
[appx; Common Eldarin kh- > Q & S h-; z does not
really occur in the
Elvish tengwar, although
it is represented in Q by character #31, generally transcribed as ss;
it is
here presumed that in
S z was represented by ts (tengwa #1: t, and tengwa
#29: s); in S t is softened
to d (see Gwaith-i-Mírdain
above), and s is softened to h (see appx: sîr)
- thus D khazad = S
hadhod; it should
be mentioned that this name is probably the sole exception to the dropping
of z
entirely in S from the
times of Beleriand onward]; see also rond a vaulted or arched roof,
or a large
hall [appx; the source
in Etym is ROD- 'cave', and in Nol 'hollow' or 'cavernous'; this
stem relates to
a Common Eldarin stem
*RONO (or *RON) 'arch over, roof in (often by excavation)']; S
pronunciation of D name
Khazad-dum
(Moria); '[Great] Dwarf Halls'; hod- may have implied
KHOTH-, Nol hoth
host [Etym]
Hador S and M?; see KHAT-
hurl, Nol hador thrower (of spears or darts) [Etym]; TA-,
TA3-
noble, in
names -dor, may
be implied, albeit one scholar believes the original Elvish form of hador
was hadr
[much the same as Old
Norse], and that -or was a natural linguistic progression; as with
the other
early Edain, the Elvish
name may have been fashioned after an original M name; Anglo-Saxon hador
'clear, distinct, fresh';
Gaulish catu- 'to war' and Old High German hadu- 'fight';
Old Norse
haddr
'hair; also known in S
as Lórindol 'Goldenhead' [LÁWAR- gold, Nol
Lor-
in names (Etym) + -in (S
adjectival suffix) + dol
'head' (appx)]; head of the Third House of the Edain
Haladin M? the name would
seem to derive from KHAL²- uplift, ON khalla noble,
Nol hall exalted
[Etym]; in one note Tolkien
says that this name cannot mean 'lord' - as they were vassals of the
Noldor - and originates
in the ancient tongue of Bëor, meaning 'warden' [hal(a)
guard, halad =
warden, plur haladin];
in Anglo-Saxon the word heald [noun] means 'guard', healdan
[verb] 'to
hold', also 'to guard',
'to defend'; the Gothic was haldan, Old High German haltan,
Old Norse halda
'hold fast'; yet in another
place does Tokien state, 'Hal- = chief'; however, Etym hints that
the Elvish
interpretation could be
related to SKAL¹- screen, hide (from light), halda veiled,
hidden [Etym],
perhaps because they lived
under the tree cover of Brethil; -in denotes an adjectival suffix
in S -
'(those of) Halad'; adan
Man [appx] could also be implied; the Second House of the Edain
Haldad this name of the
ancestor of the Haladin is presumably M - see Haladin; the
text gives
'watchdog'; -dad
is possibly agental: 'one who is', or 'one who does' - 'warder', 'Watcher';
a patriarch
of the Edain
Haldan presumably M; for
hal-
see Haladin [the element carried from generation to generation
indicating family lineage];
as M-influenced S it might be derived thus: KHAL²- uplift,
Nol hall noble
+ adan Elf-friends,
Men [appx] - 'Noble Adan'; son of Haldar; an Adan
Haldar presumably M, at
least in part; for hal- as the family's heritage name see
Haladin;
in one note
Tolkien writes 'dar
= mastery', presumably in M - 'Chief of the Haladin'; or perhaps Old Norse
darr
spear, dart, Anglo-Saxon
daroð;
'Spear of Halda'; for an Elvish equivalent, see DAR- stay, endure
[Etym] - 'Watch and Wait';
son of Haldad; an Adan
Haldir presumably M &
S; for hal- as family name see Haladin; also see KHAL²-
uplift, ON khalla
noble, Nol hall
exalted [Etym]; however, Etym assigns the first element to SKAL¹-
hide [Etym], with
the definition 'Hidden
Hero'; see also DER- man, Nol dîr 'man', or as agental
suffix in proper names
[Etym]; [M] 'Man of Halda',
[S] 'Noble [or 'Hidden'] Hero'; son of Halmir; an Adan
Haleth probably M; for
hal-
as family name see Haladin; -eth [< -itta]
is a somewhat rare S feminine
suffix used in adapting
Q names ending with -issë [which seems unlikely here, especially
since the
followers of Haleth had
difficulties with the Elvish tongues] [-issë is probably related
to NDIS(SE)-
woman, Lady, Q (n)issë
(Etym)]; in 'Haleth', -eth is likely a M suffix, perhaps a feminine
marker
meaning 'Lady'; 'the Lady
Haleth [of Halda]'; also see Halmir
Half-elven translation
of S Peredhel, plur Peredhil; see PER- divide in middle,
halve [Etym]; see also
edhel elf [appx;
see discussion at Glóredhel (above)];
Elrond,
Elros
and Eärendil
Halflings translation
of Periannath; see Hobbits LOTR Dictionary
Halmir the name could
be M at least in part; in one Tolkien writing the name is also used as
S,
meaning 'the Hunter';
for hal- as family name see Haladin; under SKEL-
skin, fur [Etym], a rejected
portion published in a
recent addendum appears to mention Haleth [?Halath], inferring
'Fur-hunter';
also see discussion of
SKAL¹- hide [Etym] under Haladin (above); see
also mîr jewel [appx]; 'Jewel
of the Halda'; son of
Haldan, Lord of the Haladin
Handir S or M? see KHAN-understand,
Nol hand intelligent [Etym]; see also DER- man, Nol dîr
'man' [Etym], often used
agentally as 'one who is' or 'one who does'; 'Man of Prudence'; in M hand-
could relate to Gaelic
conn
'sense', Early Irish cond, which some relate to Dutch
handig,
Gothic
handugs 'wise,
clever'; son of Haldir and Glóredhel; an Adan
Haradrim S; see KHYAR-
left hand, Nol harad south [Etym; the configuration presumes a westward-
looking orientation];
see also RIM- numerous, host, Nol -rim as a collective plur
'people' [Etym];
'Southrons'; the Men of
the lands south of Mordor
Hareth S or M? see
3AR-
have, hold, Q haran, Nol aran king, high, noble [Etym]; -eth
is a rarely used
S feminine suffix [see
Haleth];
Robert Foster's Complete Guide to Middle-earth defines the name
as
'Lady'; har- does
not seem to be a S form for 'noble', however [see ar(a)- noble (appx)];
perhaps the
name was adapted from
a M precursor; Anglo-Saxon har 'grey, old', although perhaps more
at hærra
'lord', and Old Norse
hár
'high', even 'glorious' [also 'hair'], although perhaps Tolkien had in
mind Old
Norse harðr
'hardy', or simply 'hard', with a sense of 'care-worn'; originally called
Hiriel
'Lady' [heru
lord, hiril lady
(appx) + -iel feminine ending from YEL- daughter, Nol -iel
(Etym)]; daughter of Halmir;
a female Adan
Hathaldir ?S-ised M; perhaps
Anglo-Saxon heaðo-, heaðu- 'war', Old High German
hadu-
'fight' [Old
Norse háða
'hold' ('fight')] + eald, ald 'old' = 'Battle-worn', or æld
[æled] 'firebrand', Old Norse eldr
'kindle a fire' = 'Battle-fire';
for the S interpretation see SYAD- cleave, Nol hâð
hack [Etym], but more
at KHAD hack through,
Nol hathel broadsword-blade, axe-blade [a stem not in Etym]; in
either case
the ending probably derives
from DER- man, Nol dîr in proper names, especially
as an agental suffix
[Etym]; called 'the Young';
at one early point Tolkien used the name in LOTR for an Elf; 'Blade
Warrior'; an Adan
Hathol S; hath-
see previous, S hathol axe [although the -ol ending is taken
to be participial:
'chopping']; called 'the
Axe'; the name may have had another M precursor: Anglo-Saxon hatol
hostile,
hetol
savage, severe; father of Hador Lórindol; an Adan
Haudh-en-Arwen S; see
haudh
mound [appx], from KHAG- mound, Nol hauð mound, grave
[Etym];
-en- [singular]
used the same as -in- [plur] indicating a genitive article; the
name Arwen means
'Royal Maiden' [from
ar(a)- royal (appx) + wen maiden (appx)]; 'mound of the Lady'
or 'The
Ladybarrow'; burial-mound
of Haleth, an Adan of the First Age
Haudh-en-Elleth S; haudh-en-
see previous; the last element is from EL- star [Etym], and 'Elf'
by
implication [see Glóredhel
(above)]; -eth a somewhat rarely used S feminine suffix [which seems
a
bit odd here; see the
rule stated at Haleth (above)]; 'Rest of the Elf-Maid'; mound
in which Finduilas
was buried
Haudh-en-Ndengin S; haudh-en-
see previous; see also NDAK- slay, Nol [noun] dangen slain
[Etym;
dengin would be
the S plur form ' (those) slain']; the -en-nd- is notable [see
Bar-en-Danwedh],
perhaps requiring a vocal
stop, and may denote a dialectal variation [Etym has Hauð i Ndengin,
showing the plur -in-
with the n becoming a syncope]; 'The Mound of Slain (Ones)' from
the
Nirnaeth Arnoediad;
see next entry
Haudh-en-Nirnaeth S; haudh-en-
see previous; the last elements are from NEI- tear, Nol nîr
tear,
weeping [Etym], and NAY-
lament, Nol nae, naeth (nakt-) biting [Etym; the latter
element is also
blended with NAK-
bite (Etym)]; 'The Mound of [Bitter] Tears'; also Haudh-en-Ndengin
Havens, The see Mithlond;
Alqualondë
Helcar Q; see KHEL-
freeze ... KHELEK- ice, Q helke ice [Etym], helka
'icy, ice-cold' [appx]; the
earliest lexicon gives
Q helkar arctic cold [Tolkien eventually changed all the Q -k-
spellings to -c-];
-r is usually a
Q plur noun ending; perhaps in this ancient usage the -ar ending
is from ÁYAR-
(inner) sea, Q ear
[Etym; ëar 'sea' (appx; also eär)]; 'The Inland
[Icy] Sea, a primeval body of water
Helcaraxë Q; also Helkaraksë;
helcar-
see previous; see also KARAK- sharp fang, spike, Q karakse
jagged hedge of spikes
[Etym]; 'Icefang'; this latter is a bit misleading, since it contains the
stem AK-
narrow, Q aksa
ravine [Etym]; often in describing this location did Tolkien use the term
'Strait (of the
Grinding Ice)', and moreover
YAK-
means 'a (narrow) neck' or 'isthmus', Q yat- (*yakta) [Etym];
named in Old English by
Tolkien Isgegrind [is 'ice' + ge- 'together' + grind
'crash', grindan 'to scrape,
gnash' = 'Grinding Ice'];
in the older Elvish lexicons akse meant 'waterfall', which was pertinent
in
Tolkien's original conception
of this arctic phenomenon; the mutation of -ksë to -xë
is nowhere
explained; the Valarin
word maxananaškad 'Doom Ring' was rendered in Q as Máhanaxar,
where we
find x > h
and aška ?> aksa > axa by metathesis; still, x
is not common in Q; the 'Grinding Ice' in the
straits northwest of Middle-earth
In the earliest ages of the creation of the world - according to one account
of the Ingolmor [I-
intensive prefix (Etym) {or ?ING- first, foremost, (Etym), Q inga
top, highest point} + ÑGOL- wise
(Etym), iñgole 'lore', ingolmo 'loremaster' (-mo
= agental) + -r (plur) = 'Loremasters'] - Middle-earth
was surrounded by a great ocean; to the East and West the land rose from
the center, then fell to
meet the shoreline, while to the north and south it was more level, even
unto the reaches of the
edge of Kúma [KUM-, Q kúma
the Void (Etym)]. In that pristine and primeval perpetuity the Lords
of Power [BAL- power, Q Vala
God, plur
Valar (Etym)] resided on an island named Almaren
[GALA- thrive, Q alma good fortune,
almare blessedness (Etym) +
MBAR- home, Q mar (Etym)
=
'Blessed Home'] located in the inland
sea of Helcar [see above]; all around
Almaren the earth was
fashioned to be harmonious. The sea that licked the Western shore stretched
to the Ekkaia
[*HEK removed (not in Etym) + KHAYA-
distant, (intensive) ekkaira far distant (Etym, which
contains ÁYAR- sea, Q aire) = 'the Outer Sea']
as far as the horizon. To the north and the south
these waters flowed to the edge of a great chasm, Ilmen [ilm-
{'high, deep'} (appx) + MEN- place =
'Deep Place'], where they mingled with
the frigid waters of the Outer Sea at a great waterfall
[Q
akse]. Massive ice floes formed
there, and bridges of ice.
At an evil juncture came the Usurper, an Aratar [ar(a)-
royal (appx) + tar- high (appx) = 'most
high' = 'the Exalted' (the highest of the
Valar)] known in the High-elven tongue as Melkor [MELK-
power, Q *mbelek {which contains BEL-
strong (Etym)} (not in Etym) + ORO- rise (Etym) = 'He
Who Rises in Might'], who overthrew
the harmony of Middle-earth, and raised mountains in the
north that touched the frozen void - known subsequently in the Grey-elven
tongue [thin(d) 'grey,
Q sinda, plur Sindar = 'Grey
Elves' (appx)] as the Ered Engrin [ORO-
high, ÓROT- mountain, Nol
orod (Etym), plur ered (appx)
+ ANGA- iron (Etym), S (genitive) angren 'of iron', plur
engrin (appx)
= 'The Iron Mountains']. This Lord
of Abominations delved pits into the cold earth [ur-
'be hot'
(appx; although in Etym it is also listed
as 'great') + TUB- deep valley, Q tumna lowlying (Etym) +
?-no as a genitive suffix = Utumno
'(Great) Depth of Fire' or 'Hell', S Udûn], and filled
them with
various forms of sweltering flame - seeking ever to emulate the Secret
Fire of Ilúvatar [see below].
Such were the hoarde of his corruptions that the Valar called it Aþaraphelun
Dušamanuðan -
'Arda Marred' [Valarin Aþaraphelun =
'the appointed dwelling' = Arda < 3AR- hold, Nol GAR-
(extended to GARAT
to defend - in a recently published addendum
to Etym), Q Arda 'the Realm'
(Etym); Valarin Dušamanuðan = 'defiled'
?< DUS- ?brown, burn
(in a recently published addendum
to Etym) + man blessed (appx; said
to be from an unknown Valarin word meaning 'at peace') +
?STAK- split, Q sanka (Etym;
the ancient Q could have been þan|k|; older lexicons
Q root SNKN
'rend, tear', sankë 'hateful')].
In the event, the Lords of Power removed their Blessed Home from Helcar
to a great land mass,
at the western-most reaches of the ocean, named Valinor [BAL-
(see above) + NDOR- dwell, Q
nóre land (Etym; blended with
NO- beget, Q nóre race) = 'Land of the (People of
the) Valar']. They
also reshaped the world with some curvature, such that the northern-most
horizon of Valinor
bowed close to the coasts of Middle-earth. This confluence resulted in
a narrow strait which,
according to some lore, still received influx from the frigid waters of
the Outer Ocean, thus
producing prodigious ice floes. Due to the clashing of these currents,
the ice cracked and heaved
and thrust upon itself; this 'Grinding Ice' was known as Helcaraxë.
Some Loremasters claim that at
this juncture of the eternal lands of Valinor with Middle-earth and the
waters of the Outer Oceans
there occurred a portal only accessible to the greatest of the Valar -
the Ando Lómen [AD-
entrance, Q ando gate (Etym) + DO3-
dusk, Q lóme night (Etym; -en as genitive suffix)
= 'Door of
Timeless Night'] - through which the
Dark Lord Melkor was put forever without the Walls of the
World into the dark void.
At the passage of time, the world was rounded, and the Undying Lands removed
from the
Uttermost West to the distances of the Outer Sea, beyond the ken of mortals.
The last of the
Elvish ships departing Middle-earth sail the 'Straight Road' (not subject
to the curvature of the
earth) that leads beyond the horizon to that distant shore - White Sands,
and then that Green
Land... and past that utmost: a fast-rising Dawn...
Helevorn S; see KHYEL(ES)-
glass, Nol hele [Etym; appx adds that the word was fashioned after
the
D kheled-zâram
'Mirrormere']; see also MOR- black [Etym; in S combinations m
= v by a process
called 'lenition'; Q morn
(black) > S -vorn]; 'Black Glass'; a mountain lake
Helluin S; see KHEL-
freeze, Nol hell frost, hel- ice [Etym]; see also LUG²-
blue, Dor [S] luin pale
[Etym]; 'Blue Ice'; the
star Sirius
Herumor Q; see KHER-
rule, Q heru master [Etym]; see also MOR- black [Etym]; a
Black Númenórean
Herunúmen Q; heru-
see previous; the last elements are NDU- go down, Q nú-,
númen
west [Etym; nú
+ MEN-, Q men
place (Etym) = West]; 'Lord of the West'; a king of Númenor
Hidden Kingdom Doriath;
also Gondolin
High-elven see Quenya
High Elves see Eldar
High Faroth see Taur-en-Faroth
Hildor Q or 'Common Eldarin'?
see KHIL- follow, Q plur hildi followers (mortal men) [Etym];
-dor
would seem to be from
NDOR-
dwell [Etym], but is taken to be -do, used as a Q agental
suffix with
-r affixed to form
a plural [see Astaldo]; the -do suffix may be used
in a cosmic or expansive sense -
Hildor indicating
the follow-on 'Children of Ilúvatar' - while the term hildi
'followers' was a more
mundane reference to simply
'men'; 'the Followers'; another approach might be to consider that in
Old Q -o was a
pronominal suffix 'a person', made plur with the addition of -r
'they': hild- + -o + -r =
'the Followers' [although
the process seems confusing]; Elvish name for Men
Hildórien Q; see
Hildor
above;
the -ien place-name suffix is possibly related to YAN- sanctuary
[Etym]; 'birthplace of
Men'
Himlad S; see him
cool [appx]; it would not seem that this derives from KHIM- stick,
Nol him abiding,
hîw sticky,
viscous [Etym]; there may be a relation to the stem SWIN- whirl,
eddy, which produces
Q hwinya- to swirl,
Nol chwinio whirl [Etym], as the area is said to be 'cool' due to
being swept by
cold alpine winds; no
source has surfaced for S him- as 'cool'; see also lad plain
[appx]; 'Cool Plain';
a small plateau south
of the Pass of Aglon brushed by winds through the cleft
Himring S; him-
see previous, Nol him [as adverb] 'continually'; see also ring
cold [appx]; 'Ever-cold';
a hill west of Maglor's
Gap
Hírilorn S; see
KHER-
rule, Nol híril lady [Etym]; see also orn tree [appx];
'Tree of the Lady'; a great
beech-tree in Doriath
Hísilómë
Q; see hîth mist [appx], from KHIS-, KHITH-
mist, fog, Q híse [Etym; hísië in appx];
see also
LUM- gloom, Q lumbe,
Nol lhum shade [Etym; -lum is actually identified as 'Northern
S' in one text],
blended with
DO3,
DÔ-
Q 1óme night [Etym; lómë dusk (appx)];
'Land of Mist', Q name of Hithlum
Hithaeglir S; hith-
see Hísilómë [above]; see also AYAK-
sharp, pointed, Nol oeglir range of
mountain peaks [Etym;
S aeg-]; the plural suffix is derived from
LIR²- row,
range [Etym; only Nol
forms given]; 'Line of
Misty Peaks', the 'Misty Mountains'
Hithlum Northern S; 'Land
of Mist'; see Hísilómë
Hollin M; Middle English
holin
holly tree, Anglo-Saxon holen; see Eregion
Hollowbold M; Anglo-Saxon
bold
house, more at 'hall, castle', related to the verb build, Old English
bulden; 'hollow
dwelling'; M translation of S Nogrod
Huan Q-influenced S; see
KHUG-
bar [in the sense of being longer than it is wide], *khugan: Q huan
(húnen)
hound, Nol hû , Huan (name) [Etym]; see also NEÑ-WI-
nose, Q neng-, Nol
nem [Etym; this
element may be more 'implied'
than overt; Q húnen (shortened to huan) may include
-nen as an
agental element - 'one
with a bar (snout)'; in S the -an ending could derive from ÁNAD-
long, Nol
ann (Etym)]; 'bar
nose', 'Long Snout'; huan became 'Common Eldarin' for 'dog'; a great
wolfhound
Hunthor S; see KHO-N-
heart, Nol hûn [Etym]; see also THOR-, THORON-
eagle [Etym]; 'Heart (of
an) Eagle'; in several
texts Túrin calls him 'great heart'; the name may have had a M precursor,
based
on the Gaulish cú,
cuno
'high, noble', but also used as 'hound' [*kunos, Old English hund],
designating a fierce fighter;
an Adan of the Haladin of Brethil
Huor S; Etym gives this
word as a combining form [Khogore, Q Huore, Nol Huor]
from KHO-N- heart,
Nol hûn [Etym],
and GOR- impetus, vigour [Etym]; Huor = 'Heart-vigour, Courage';
the Elvish form
of the name may have been
fashioned upon M elements, such as Old English heort 'heart', English
courage from Latin
cor
'heart'; son of Galdor, brother of
Húrin; an Adan
Húrin S; see KHOR-
urge on, Nol hûr vigour, fiery spirit [Etym]; see also ID-
heart, desire, Nol inn
heart [Etym]; similar
to Huor 'heart-vigour, courage'; also called Thalion
'the Steadfast'; brought the
Nauglamîr to King
Thingol; an Adan
Hyarmentir Q; see hyarmen
south [appx], from KHYAR- left hand, Q hyarmen south [Etym]
+
MEN-
Q men place [Etym]
= 'left hand place'; the word supposes a map orientation facing West; see
also
tir watch (over),
guard [appx]; 'South-Watch'; in the older lexicons there occurred a root
TIRI 'stick
up', and this was later
extended to an association with 'tower' as a place from which to 'watch';
this
peak towered over
the far southern reaches of the Pelóri mountain 'fence', guarding
that approach
to the Undying Lands;
the highest mountain south of Valinor
Iant Iaur S; see iant
bridge [appx], from YAT- join, Q yanta yoke, Nol iant
yoke [Etym]; see also
iaur
old [appx], from YA-
[of time] ago, Q yára olden, Nol iaur ancient [Etym];
'The Old Bridge' north of
Doriath; also Bridge
of Esgalduin
Ibun D; a son of Mîm
Idril (Celebrindal)
S adaptation of Q Itarillë [ITA- sparkle (not in Etym; does
not occur in S) + ril
brilliance, Q ril(lë)
(appx)]; a name with much evolution in the lexicons; the earliest notes
defined the
name as meaning 'sweetheart'
or 'Beloved' [ID- heart, wish (Etym), and RIL- glitter, brilliance
(Etym)];
in The Book of Lost
Tales, she is called
Irildë [Q: KHER- rule, Q heri,
Nol hiril lady (Etym) + KHIL-
follow, Q hildi
followers (mortals; Etym) - 'Mortal Maiden' because she married a mortal],
and Idril
Tal-Celeb - 'Idril
of the Silver Feet' [tal foot (appx) + celeb silver, Q telep,
telpë
(appx)], also
Irildë
Taltelepta [see
just previous; the -ta ending is indicative of a 'pair' - in this
case a 'pair of feet' -
probably related to the
bases AT(AT)- again, and TATA- 'two' (Etym)]; the only child
of Turgon and
wife of Tuor, an Adan
Illuin Q (probably archaic);
see GIL- shine (white or pale), Q il- [Etym; see Ilmarë
and Ilmen below;
in the older Q Lexicon
ilu
is glossed as 'ether' or 'high airs'; also see ilm- ('high, deep')
(appx)]; see
also [S] luin blue
[appx], from LUG²- blue, Q lúne, Nol lhûn,
Dor. luin pale [Etym]; the form -luin
appears as part of the
older Q Lexicon as 'blue'; however, in an addendum to Etym published
recently, there appears
a stem LUY-, Q luina pale; also
in the older [Nol] lexicon, luin appears as a
reference to 'time': lu
'time', luin '(time) past' [LU-, Q lúme time,
Nol lhû (Etym)]; '(High) [Ancient]
Pale-blue Light'; one
of the Great Lamps of the Valar long before the Ages of the Sun
Ilmarë Q; see ilm-
'high airs' [appx ('high, deep')], and GIL- shine (white or pale),
Q Ilma starlight
[Etym]; see also MA3-
hand ... MAG- use, Q mára useful, good [Etym] - 'high
handmaid'; once
named by Tolkien as a
daughter of the King of the Valar, Manwë, perhaps simply decoded as
Q
ilma 'starlight'
+ -r (plur) + -ë (genitive, ?or feminine) = '(of Much)
Starlight'; a Maia of the house
of Varda on Taniquetil
Ilmen Q; ilm- see
previous; see also MEN- Q men place [Etym]; 'Place of the
Highest Airs'; the region
of the stars
Ilúvatar Q; see
ilúvë
the whole [appx], from IL- all ... ILU- universe, Q ilúve
(~ + UB- abound, Q úve
great quantity) [Etym];
see also atar father [appx], from ATA- father, Q atar
[Etym]; 'Father of All';
Ilúvatar
is a prototypical being that fashions his creation after 'himself'; Tolkein
has included core
cosmological concepts
into the name, such as these: 1/
I- intensive prefix where
i
is base vowel
[Etym]; 2/ LU-
Q lú time [Etym]; 3/
UB- úve abundance
[Etym]; 4/ BAT- tread, Nol bata beaten track,
pathway [Etym; *battá
> Q *vat, *vant]; 5/ WA- blow, wind, Q va-
[Etym; Old Q wâ wind]; 6/ AR²-
Q ara outside [Etym];
7/ tar- high, noble, Q tára 'lofty [appx]; also see
Eru
Imlach ?M; the first element
in Elvish could derive from AM²- up [Etym] - in the sense of
'rising'; also
see lhach 'leaping
flame' [appx]; father of Amlach [?same etymology; Welsh am-
(prefix) on both
sides + llach lash,
criticize - 'argue both sides' (Welsh am- or ym-, Irish or
Scottish im-)]; ?'two-
minded'; an Adan
Imladris S; see LOTR
Dictionary; 'Rivendell' (literally, 'Deep Dale of the Cleft')
Indis Q; see I-
intensive prefix where i is base vowel [Etym; similarly, ID-
heart, Q indo heart, mood ...
as íri-
'lovely' (Etym)]; see also
NDIS- woman, Nol ndîs, intensive
form *i-ndise = Q Indis 'bride'
[Etym]; 'Genteel Maiden';
Vanyarin Elf known as 'the Fair'; mother of Fingolfin and
Finarfin
Ingwë Q; see ING-
first, top most [Etym]; -wë is from
WEG- (manly) vigour,
taking Q form -we [Etym];
the term is often used
in names of royalty or nobility, and also agentally 'one who is'; 'First
One'; first
probably because he was
among the first to 'awaken', although Tolkien says that no particular
meaning became attached
to these primitive names; the name Ing appears in Beowulf,
and is
prominent in Anglo-Saxon
legends [Yngvi], often associated with geong 'young'; upon
leaving
Cuiviénen there
were four 'Kings' of three Elvish groups: Ingwë, King of the
Vanyar, Finwë, King of
the Noldor, and Olwë
and Elwë, brothers and joint Kings of the Teleri; when Elwë's
group was
sundered from the Teleri
on the march Westward, he became known as 'King of the Sindar'; in Aman
Ingwë became 'High
King of all the Elves'
Inziladûn N; said
to mean 'Flower of the West'; a king of Númenor; also Tar-Palantir
Inzilbêth N; a queen
of Númenor
Irmo Q; see ID-
heart, desire, Q íre desire,
írima desirable
[Etym]; -mo is an old Q suffix similar to -wë
'person', often used agentally
'one who is, one who does' [see Manwë; also see 'the
problem with
moth' in the Supplemental
Appendix (in progress)]; the suffix -o is probably also a masculine
ending; 'Desirer' or 'Master
of Desire'; ar(a) high, royal (appx) may well be implied in the
first element
of Irmo, a possible
carry-over of Valarin -har, -xar 'height'; similarly heru
lord, hir- (appx); the root
(G)WERE, (w)ir-
from the old Q Lexicon meaning 'twirl, twist' also may be implied, in the
sense of
'spinning' a dream, as
well as the root IRI dwell, abide ['rest'; in the older lexicons]; Irmo
is the true
name of the Vala Lórien
[named after the gardens of his creation]; along with Námo,
known as the
Fëanturi -
'Masters of Spirits' [fëa spirit (appx - see Fëanor;
fëan-
possessive form) + tur mastery
(appx) + -i Q plural
suffix], since both were the Lords of 'retreats', the gardens of Irmo to
dream,
the
halls of Námo [Mandos]
to rest
Iron Mountains see Ered
Engrin
Isengard anglicised form
of the language of Rohan; the S name was Angrenost; 'Iron
fortress'; see
LOTR Dictionary
Isil Q; see I-
intensive prefix where 'i' is base vowel [Etym]; also see SIL-
shine silver, Q Isil Moon,
Nol Ithil [Etym];
'The Silvery Shining' or 'The Sheen'; name of the Moon
Isildur S; isil-
see previuous; see also -(n)dur devotion, friend [appx]; 'Moon Friend',
or more likely
'Friend of the White [Tree]';
son of Elendil; cut the Ruling Ring from Sauron's hand; the final heir
of
Isildur was Aragorn
Istari Q; see IS-
Q ista- to know, ista knowledge, istyar learned man
[Etym], from an ancient Q root
ISI, ista 'to know';
as a noun istar would be the plur of ista, i.e.: 'much knowledge',
perhaps
rendering the ending as
an agental element 'one who is'; -i is a Q plural; defined in one
text as 'those
who know'; 'the Wizards';
see
Curunír, Saruman,
Mithrandir,
Gandalf,
Olórin,
Radagast
Ivrin S [?Northern]; the
source of this name is nowhere stated, and may be an archaic holdover from
the older lexicons that
Tolkien fancied; there seems little doubt the name means 'glassy' or 'crystal',
as Tolkien variously described
it as 'a mirror', 'a glimmering goblet [basin]' and 'glassy-clear with
crystal waters'; often
called the '(glassy) pools of Ivrin'; perhaps the source is found in Etym
as
MIR- jewel, with
I- an intensive prefix [or as deictic article] appended; in S the
m of -mir could be
softened to v following
the affixed vowel - the second i becoming suppressed - with the
S plur
adjectival suffix -in
added: I + v(i)r + -in = 'the jewel-ish',
or 'The Crystalline (Pools)'; an etymology
is offered in the older
lexicons which seems to bear upon the issue; a word - vírin
- appears,
referring to a wondrous
malleable crystalline jewel-like substance; it was intended by Tolkien
originally to be the substance
of the moon;
vírin could be associated with an ancient Q
root: FIRI,
with forms
findl
'lock of hair' [see
SPIN- braid of hair, Q finde (Etym)],
but also firin 'ray of the sun'
[see PHAY- radiate,
Q faire radiance (Etym)]; of this icy clear jewel-like material
Tolkien wrote:
[Aulë]
brought
to being a substance thin as a petal of a rose, clear as the most
transparent Elfin
glass, and very smooth,
yet might Aulë of his skill bend it and fashion it, and naming it
he called
it 'vírin'*;
the base form is given as brin, possibly meaning 'shiny' or 'glassy';
a cognate element
might be found in an early
[Nol] name of Varda: 'Bridhil, Queen of Stars'; in later lexicons
Varda is
referred to in S as Gilthoniel
'Lady star-kindler'; perhaps the early Q base brin- became brid-
in
[Nol] - -hil meaning
'Lady' - giving brin a meaning such as '(Star-)sparkling', 'delicate
glimmer'; the
lake [pools] and falls
beneath Ered Wethrin; see Eithel Ivrin - 'Springs of Sparkling
Jewels'; for
further details, see Faelivrin
* The Book of Lost Tales, Vol 1, Chapter VIII, The Tale of the
Sun and the Moon
